The goal of this observational study is to better understand how the pancreas works in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study focuses on both hormone production (endocrine function) and digestive function (exocrine function) of the pancreas.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Can problems with the pancreas help identify a different type of diabetes called pancreatogenic diabetes? * How are blood markers and pancreas structure related to pancreatic function?
Participants will:
* Have blood tests to measure glucose, insulin, and other markers * Provide a stool sample to assess digestive function * Undergo an ultrasound examination of the pancreas * Answer questions about digestive symptoms
The study will take place during a single visit in outpatient clinics.
• adult patients of Kazakh nationality aged 18 to 74 years
diagnosis of T2DM established according to ADA criteria and documented in medical records
disease duration ≤5 years
absence of ketoacidosis episodes within the last 6 months
positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD65);
acute or chronic infections affecting metabolic status within the previous 4 weeks;
any history of malignant neoplasms;
pregnancy or lactation;
West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University
Lead sponsor
Universitatea de Stat de Medicina si Farmacie Nicolae Testemiţanu
Collaborator