Purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of core stabilization with pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on trunk control and balance which will be provided an evidence-based selection of the best possible intervention to improve trunk function and balance as compared to the trunk control exercises such as Rhythmic stabilization, Bridging, Side-Lying Trunk Lifts, Quadruped, Kneeling and modified plantigrade positioning, which one can provide the better balance and trunk control in sub-acute stroke patients.
Participants between the ages of 45 and 60 years.
Sub-acute phase of unilateral ischemic stroke.
More than two weeks but no more than six months were included.
Participants should be able to walk with or without support for 2-4 min.
Participants with recurrent stroke; brainstem or cerebellar stroke or hemorrhagic stroke.
Participants with modified Ashworth scale grade ≥3 (severe spasticity).
Parallel
Core stabilization exercises
Other interventionCore activated by Bio Feedback apparatus and participants were given instructions to do trunk curls in crook lying position. Asked to lift their upper trunk slightly (15 degree) from the plinth. 3 sets with 10 repetitions each, 3 sec rest between each repetition, 1 min rest after each set and 3 min rest between each exercise.
PNF
Other interventionProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques The sequence was rhythmic initiation, slow reversal then agonistic reversals. each technique was applied for 3 sets of 2 min duration each with 30 sec between each set and 2 min rest after each technique. A stopwatch was used to measure the time.
Trunk control exercises
Other interventionTrunk control exercises Different trunk exercises were performed by the participants to develop trunk control and balance. Rhythmic stabilization, Side-Lying Trunk Lifts, Bridging, Quadruped, Kneeling and modified plantigrade positioning, are the trunk exercises which were used conventionally to develop trunk control. 3 sets with 10 repetitions each, 3 sec rest between each repetition, 1 min rest after each set and 3 min rest between each exercise.
Trunk Impairment Scale
The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) is a 17-item clinical tool assessing stroke patients across three subscales-static sitting balance (0-7 points), dynamic sitting balance (0--10points), and trunk coordination (0-6 points)-totaling a maximum score of 23. Higher scores indicate better, more controlled, and coordinated trunk function, with evaluations performed in a seated position.
Berg Balance Scale
Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is identified as the most commonly used as an evaluation tool in the stroke rehabilitation. We used the pre- and post-intervention scores of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to evaluate the balance. Total score of berg balance scale is 56.Highest score shows the low fall risk and the lowest score shows the high fall risk.
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