About this trial
This phase I/II trial studies the safety, side effects, and best dose of decitabine in combination with fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and idarubicin (FLAG-Ida) and total body irradiation (TBI) followed by a donor stem cell transplant in treating adult patients with cancers of blood-forming cells of the bone marrow (myeloid malignancies) that are at high risk of coming back after treatment (relapse). Cancers eligible for this trial are acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Decitabine is in a class of medications called hypomethylation agents. It works by helping the bone marrow produce normal blood cells and by killing abnormal cells in the bone marrow. The FLAG-Ida regimen consists of the following drugs: fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and idarubicin. These are chemotherapy drugs that work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Filgrastim is in a class of medications called colony-stimulating factors. It works by helping the body make more neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. TBI is radiation therapy to the entire body. Giving chemotherapy and TBI before a donor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant helps kill cancer cells in the body and helps make room in the patient's bone marrow for new blood-forming cells (stem cells) to grow. When the healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into a patient, they may help the patient's bone marrow make more healthy cells and platelets. Giving decitabine in combination with FLAG-Ida and TBI before donor PBSC transplant may work better than FLAG-Ida and TBI alone in treating adult patients with myeloid malignancies at high risk of relapse.
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Age ≥ 18 years with an HCT-co-morbidity index (CI) ≤ 5 for patients over 60 years.
AML (2022 World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) that is either primary refractory (as defined by failure of 2 cycles of 7+3-like chemotherapy, 1 cycle of high-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy, or at least 2 cycles of venetoclax in combination with other therapies) or is in untreated or unsuccessfully treated first or subsequent relapse. Patients in morphologic remission (i.e. < 5% blasts in the bone marrow) but evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry, cytogenetics/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or molecular means will be eligible for trial participation. Patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (acute undifferentiated leukemia or mixed phenotype acute leukemia) that is either primary refractory or is in untreated or unsuccessfully treated first or subsequent relapse are also eligible.
MDS and CMML: Subjects with previously treated MDS and CMML, defined as prior treatment with at least one hypomethylating agent (hypomethylating agent [HMA]; azacitidine, decitabine and/or decitabine-cedazuridine) whose disease progressed, relapsed, or was refractory to HMA treatment as follows: 1) patients who have failed at least 4 cycles of monotherapy with azacitidine, decitabine or decitabine-cedazuridine, 2) patients who received at least 2 cycles of HMA in combination with another therapeutic agent. Subjects with MDS and CMML who failed at least 1 cycle of induction chemotherapy will be also eligible. Patients with MDS or CMML who progress to secondary AML will be eligible if they received at least 4 cycles of HMA alone or 2 cycles of HMA in combination with another therapeutic agent.
Patients may have previously received hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy with a mitoxantrone, idarubicin- or cladribine/fludarabine-based regimen for MDS or AML. If the patient has received cladribine-cytarabine-filgrastim-mitoxantrone (CLAG-M) or FLAG-Ida before and has been sensitive to this regimen, defined as MRD negative complete remission (CR) immediately after receiving the treatment and which lasts ≥ 1 year, eligibility will be determined on a case-by-case basis by the study principal investigator (PI).
Disqualifiers
Active central nervous system (CNS) disease.
Concomitant illness associated with a likely survival of < 1 year.
Active systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection, unless disease is under treatment with antimicrobials and/or controlled or stable. Patients with fever thought to be likely secondary to myeloid malignancy are eligible.
Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to any study drug used in this trial.
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Decitabine
- Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Chest Radiography
- Cytarabine
- Echocardiography Test
- Filgrastim
- Fludarabine
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
- Idarubicin
- Multigated Acquisition Scan
- Pheresis
- Total-Body Irradiation
- Biospecimen Collection
Treatment groups
Locations
1Sponsors and collaborators
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Lead sponsor