Exercise is well-known to improve skeletal muscle energy metabolism and is an established intervention to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and to counter the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, given the 24h rhythmicity in substrate metabolism previously observed in healthy, lean men and the lack of such rhythmicity in men with insulin-resistance, the investigator hypothesize that appropriate timing of exercise training can maximize the metabolic health effects of exercise. Indeed, a preliminary study in humans revealed that afternoon high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise was more effective than morning exercise in improving 24h blood glucose levels in men with T2D. Another recent study in mice showed that the time of day is a critical factor in augmenting the beneficial effects of exercise on the skeletal muscle metabolome as well as on whole-body energy homeostasis. However, human studies that specifically target the impact of timing of exercise training on glucose homeostasis and metabolic health are scarce and the potential underlying mechanisms largely unknown.
The overarching goals of this project is to improve 24-hour rhythmicity of metabolism in men and women with prediabtes by appropriate timing of exercise and to assess its effect on metabolic health and immune response. Acute and prolonged exercise interventions timed in the morning vs late afternoon will be carried out in individuals with prediabetes to determine whether acute exercise in the afternoon and prolonged exercise training in the afternoon can improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, compared to exercise in the morning, and positively affect adipose tissue dietary fatty acid storage and partitioning of dietary fatty acids in skeletal muscles.
Fasting plasma glucose: 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L or
2-hour plasma glucose post 75g OGTT: 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L and
HbA1c: 6.0 to 6.4%
or Insulin resistant: glucose clearance rate ≤ 360 ml/kg/min as determined using the Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity Index at Time 120 min.
overt cardiovascular disease as assessed by medical history, physical exam, and abnormal ECG
Treatment with any drug known to affect lipid or carbohydrate metabolism, except statins (to be stopped 3 weeks prior to study A), metformin or anti-hypertensive drugs (to be stopped 7 days prior to the studies);
presence of liver or renal disease other than uncomplicated NASH or mild isolated proteinuria; uncontrolled thyroid disorder;
Uncontrolled severe hypertension, systolic pressure ≥ 180 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥ 110 mm Hg;
Université de Sherbrooke
Lead sponsor
University of Calgary
Collaborator
University of Waterloo
Collaborator
Laval University
Collaborator
Wageningen University
Collaborator
Maastricht University Medical Center
Collaborator
Leiden University Medical Center
Collaborator
McMaster University
Collaborator
Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
Collaborator