This project characterizes the longitudinal progression of children and adults who have tested positive for one or more islet cell autoantibodies across the early stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite advances in screening, limited evidence exists on how clinical, metabolic, and immunological markers evolve over time and predict progression to symptomatic disease. Using a screened cohort, participants are followed for up to 10 years with repeated standardized assessments. The study evaluates whether population-based screening can reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis and identify early predictors of progression to clinical T1D. Results are expected to improve risk stratification, inform surveillance strategies, and guide the timing of preventive interventions, with implications for clinical practice and health policy.
Individuals of any age who test positive for at least one islet autoantibody.
Absence of clinical symptoms of diabetes.
Do not meet ADA diagnostic criteria for diabetes (no overt hyperglycemia).
Ability to comply with follow-up procedures according to clinical practice.
Prior diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, or OGTT 2-hour glucose ≥200 mg/dL.
Presence of symptoms suggestive of diabetes (e.g., polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, visual disturbances, acetone breath, Kussmaul respiration).
Any medical or psychological condition judged by the investigator to interfere with study participation or data reliability.
Società Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Pediatrica
Lead sponsor
Associazione Medici Diabetologi (AMD)
Collaborator
Società Italiana di Diabetologia (SID)
Collaborator