Abdominal Obesity

People with HIV experience earlier impairments in physical function compared to people in the general population. They also exhibit an earlier presentation and more rapid development of frailty, a multisystemic syndrome of aging characterized by reduced activity, fatigue, slowness, weakness, and weight loss. While exercise can improve physical function in people with HIV, it is less effective in doing so than in the general population and is difficult to sustain in the long-term. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether the medication tesamorelin will improve physical function and muscle health in adults with HIV when combined with exercise. Tesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue that is FDA-approved to treat abdominal fat accumulation in people with HIV. While tesamorelin has also been shown to increase muscle mass and improve measures of muscle health, its effects on physical performance and muscle strength have not yet been evaluated. During a 24-week intervention phase, half of participants will be randomly assigned to receive tesamorelin and half of participants will be randomly assigned to receive placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug). All participants also will engage in a home-based exercise intervention supervised by an exercise coach. During a subsequent 24-week extension phase, individuals will be monitored off study drug and supervised exercise, and be encouraged to continue to exercise independently. The investigators will investigate effects of tesamorelin on physical function, muscle mass and quality, quality of life, and exercise adherence and self-efficacy. They also will evaluate whether effects of tesamorelin are maintained following treatment cessation. This study may identify an important strategy to improve how individuals aging with HIV function and feel with potential applications to other patient populations.

Rationale: Healthy foods, including mixed nuts, may improve brain function, which is essential for cognitive and metabolic health, and may contribute to improved food intake regulation. It is therefore important to investigate the specific effects of walnuts on cerebral blood flow responses before and after intranasal insulin administration, as well as their associated functional benefits. The investigators hypothesize that long-term walnut consumption improves vascular function and insulin-sensitivity in the brain, thereby enhancing cognitive performance and appetite control in abdominally obese men and women. Objective: The primary objectives are to investigate in abdominally obese adults the effects of 24-week walnut consumption on (regional) vascular function and insulin-sensitivity in the brain, while the investigators will also assess changes in cognitive performance and appetite-related brain reward activity (secondary objectives). Cerebral blood flow responses before (brain vascular function) and after the administration of intranasal insulin spray (brain insulin-sensitivity) will be quantified by the non-invasive gold standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-perfusion method Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL). Study design: This intervention study will have a randomized, controlled parallel design. The total study duration will be 24 weeks. Study population: Fifty-five abdominally obese men and (postmenopausal) women (aged 45-75 years) without a history of cardiovascular diseases or complaints will participate. This study population is expected to have a decreased cerebral blood flow at baseline and are also at increased risk of cognitive impairment, allowing for improvement by the intervention. Intervention: Study participants will receive daily 50 g (about 15% of energy) of raw walnuts (walnut intervention) or no walnuts (control intervention) for 24 weeks. Main study parameters/endpoints: At baseline and after 24 weeks (follow-up), participants will visit the research facilities for assessments. The primary endpoint is the difference in the cerebral blood flow response before and after intranasal insulin administration between the walnut and control intervention. Cognitive performance will be assessed, while the investigators will also focus on appetite-related brain reward activity (secondary outcomes).

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the combination between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and isometric exercise (IE) can improve blood pressure in men and women between 50 to 60 years old suffered from resistant hypertension which is a type of hypertension where blood pressure remains above your target goal despite the use of three or more different classes of antihypertensive medications at their maximum tolerated doses. The main question to answer is: Is there a significant effect on the combined use of TENS and IE on peripheral hemodynamic parameters in patients with resistant hypertension? Total sample will be 50 patients from both sexes I will compare between two groups: Experimental group (15 men, 10 women) will take: medication plus IE and TENS Control group (15 men, 10 women) will take: medication plus Conventional Physical Therapy Program

to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality combined with plyometric workout on abdominal obesity in adolescent females

This study focuses on whole body vibration training (WBVT), a form of neuromuscular training that uses mechanical vibrations. WBVT has been shown to improve muscle function, bone mineral density, and quality of life. While some benefits have been observed in the elderly population, there remains a research gap concerning its effectiveness in older adults with dynapenic abdominal obesity. Therefore, the findings of this study will provide new evidence for health interventions targeting this specific group. This research targets outpatients aged 65 and above who meet the criteria for dynapenic abdominal obesity. It aims to evaluate the effects of WBVT on brain activity, osteoporosis, quality of life, and biological markers. The study period is from February 1, 2025, to January 31, 2027, with a planned sample size of 120 participants, equally divided into an experimental group and a control group (60 participants each).

The main objective is to evaluate the FreeO2 device combined with noninvasive respiratory support technique for COPD patients and postoperative bariatric surgery patients. The main hypothesis is that FreeO2 device for oxygen therapy associated with NIV or nasal high flow oxygen therapy (NHFOT) allows to reach better oxygenation and avoid hypoxemia and hyperoxia.

The clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in reducing weight and waist circumference while modulating glucose and lipid metabolism in Prediabetes with Combined Obesity.

This project will determine whether a diet culturally adapted to adults in Puerto Rico can effectively decrease cardiometabolic risk factors. This will help define a culturally-appropriate, feasible, and sustainable diet intervention aimed at reducing cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, and obesity outcomes.

Abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with the hyperactivation of the endocannabinoid system. Several animal and human studies indicate that circulating endocannabinoid (EC) levels are correlated with body fat. Thus, adipose tissue, which possesses the enzymatic machinery for the synthesis of ECs, could be the main producer of plasma ECs. Today, it is clearly established that stimulation of the endocannabinoid system, via activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1s) located in the brain, leads to increased food intake and weight gain. Moreover, peripheral CB1s present in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue are involved in the establishment of metabolic deregulations linked to obesity (steatosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia). Thus, ECs produced by adipose tissue could play a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate-lipid homeostasis through their autocrine or paracrine actions by activating central and peripheral CB1s. Therefore, the objective of this study is to: 1. clarify whether obesity, associated or not with diabetes, leads to an overproduction of ECs (specifying which ones) by visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue 2. to determine whether blocking CB1s with new peripherally acting antagonists can lead to a reduction in the production of ECs by adipose tissue. This study will also provide an opportunity to evaluate the production of adipokines and cytokines involved in the control of energy homeostasis under the different experimental conditions.

The investigator aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plan Block and Rectus Sheath Block which are used to prevent intraoperative and postoperative pain and reduce the use of opioid in abdominoplasty operations.

Background: Abdominal obesity (AO) is a multifactorial disease that affects 81.6% of the Mexican population; it is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in abdominal region. Scientific evidence suggest that regional fat distribution plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The main processes involved in the increased risk of developing CVD in the presence of AO are alterations in insulin signaling, dyslipidemias, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage. On the last years has been reported genetic variations associated with AO and dyslipidemia. In addition, interactions have been found between these genetic variants and diet that may be influencing a differential response in metabolic, molecular, and phenotypic processes, which favor the development of CVD. Objective: Evaluate the effect of nutrigenetic intervention on cardiovascular biomarkers, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in subjects with abdominal obesity. Materials and methods: The present study is a simple randomized clinical trial. Participants will be randomized into one of two groups of intervention; Control group and Nutrigenetic group during a 2-month follow-up period. Anthropometric, dietary evaluation and biochemical markers assessments will be monitored at baseline, at 4 weeks (mid-intervention), and at 8 weeks (end of intervention). The dietary evaluation was analyzed by Nutritionist Pro software. Body composition was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance (InBody 370). All biochemical determinations were analyzed by dry chemistry (Vitros 350) and cardiometabolic markers by colorimetric immunoassay technology. Infrastructure: Institute of Translational Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenomics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara.

This clinical trial objective is to evaluate the effect of an aerobic physical exercise program on reducing triglycerides, blood pressure, abdominal obesity, altered glucose levels, and the increase in HDL in college-level students at the University of Colima. It will try to answer whether aerobic physical exercise reduces metabolic disorders (altered blood pressure and glucose levels, abdominal obesity, and increased HDL). A simple randomized clinical trial will be conducted with a sample of 48 voluntary students from the University of Colima, divided into two groups of 24 people (Control group -A-, will perform aerobic physical exercise, which will be walking at 57% to 76% of HRmax; and Experimental Group -B-, will undergo an aerobic physical exercise (APE) program involving jogging, swimming, and static cycling, with a progressive intensity, which will start at 57%-63% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) in the first 4 weeks of the study, and will increase to 64% -76% in the final four weeks, fulfilling the principle of progressive overload). Researchers will compare the results of both groups to confirm the effectiveness of the planned aerobic physical exercise in reducing these risks.

This study aims to determine the differences between the effect of ultrasound cavitation and whole-body vibration on abdominal fat in obese adolescent females

The goal of this observational study is to learn about low-grade inflammation in healthy individuals and individuals with overweight or obesity. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Whether it is possible to predict low-grade inflammation * What are the medical, biological, and lifestyle variables related to low-grade inflammation? Participants will be asked to: 1. Attend a general medical visit to collect vital signs, anthropometric measurements, and collect blood samples. 2. Complete questionnaires and collect a stool sample at home.