Age

We therefore aim to determine whether the type of mastectomy (preventive in a high-risk patient or therapeutic in a patient with a history of cancer), as well as the timing (immediate or delayed) and type of breast reconstruction, influence the quality of life and satisfaction of patients who have undergone bilateral mastectomy. The goal of this observational study is thus to measure and compare the quality of life of patients who have undergone bilateral mastectomy using the BREAST-Q questionnaire.

This study is a single-center, prospective/retrospective, observational clinical research designed to compare the differences in peripheral blood components between young and elderly HR+HER2- breast cancer patients, and to identify peripheral blood components that may affect the prognosis of young HR+HER2- breast cancer patients. The study population consists of early-stage HR+HER2- breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Eligible patients who require neoadjuvant treatment will be enrolled in the study. Retrospective data and samples will be collected based on existing patient medical records and tissue biobank samples. Prospective data collection will be based on routine clinical treatment during the study period and will continue until the patient completes neoadjuvant therapy and undergoes primary tumor surgery, or until the study is prematurely terminated. HR+HER2- breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy will be divided into young and elderly groups. Peripheral blood samples will be collected at baseline (T0, prior to treatment) and after two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy (T1). Paired baseline tumor biopsy samples and/or surgical tumor samples will also be collected. Peripheral blood and tumor samples will undergo appropriate tests. The study respects the investigator's choice of treatment, without specifying which drugs should be used, the dosage, the administration mode (including monotherapy, combination therapy, or sequential therapy), or the duration of treatment.

This study will track immune responsiveness to conjugate pneumococcal vaccines over time to help determine how long protection from this vaccine lasts in individuals with chronic medical conditions (in this study - HIV) and with age.

Climate change has significantly increased the earth's average surface temperature and heat waves have been predicted to increase in frequency, intensity and duration. Extreme heat events have increased the susceptibility to heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke or death. Heat health action plans have been designed to advertise cooling behaviours to mitigate physiological strain. Heat health action plans suggest avoiding alcohol consumption during extreme heat as it may increase dehydration and impair behavioural or physiological temperature regulation and thermal perception. Regardless of these messages, alcohol sales continue to remain high during the summer months year after year, and 1/5 of adults identify alcohol as a hydration strategy during extreme heat events. A recent scoping review investigating the effects of alcohol and heat has demonstrated that acute alcohol consumption does not negatively influence thermoregulation, hydration, or hormone markers of fluid balance in the heat compared to a control fluid (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-024-01113-y). Further, alcohol consumption may elicit sex- and age-specific alterations in physiological and perceptual responses, neither of which have been explored. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively evaluate how alcohol consumption systematically alters physiological responses and perceptions during conditions similar to those experienced indoors during extreme heat events in younger and older adults.