Brain

The aim of the trial is to understand whether a computerised tool designed to quickly spot problems in brain scans (MIDI) can help doctors diagnose cases faster. This will help patients by getting them the treatment they need sooner. How useful doctors find the tool will also be measured, and whether it is cost-saving for the National Health Service (NHS).

The goal of this clinical trial is to collect data on the use of the CIPHER System when used by a surgeon during brain tumor removal. The main questions it aims to answer are: * To evaluate the safety of the CIPHER System when used during brain tumor surgery (Primary) * To evaluate the function of the electrodes under recording and stimulating conditions during surgery (Secondary) Participants will undergo standard-of-care surgery to remove their tumor. Just before the tumor is removed, the CIPHER System will be tested on the main tumor and the surrounding margin areas. Participants will be monitored during standard hospital visits occurring during the recovery period after surgery as well as two- and six-weeks after surgery.

The overall objective is to characterize the developmental characteristics of MRI measured neural flexibility, as an index of cognitive flexibility, in Chinese toddlers (32 to 42 months old).

This study's purpose is to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplement on cognitive function and psychological well-being in community-dwelling older adults aged 55+. The study involves taking a commercially available dietary supplement daily for 45 days. A 45-minute assessment will be conducted at the beginning and again at the end of the study.

B cube is a new generation cohort to study the determinants and natural history of brain aging, using molecular epidemiology, in a representative sample (N=2000) of the general population from the age of 55 (the approximate age of onset of the first cognitive disorders and a target population particularly receptive to prevention messages). Special interest will be given to nutrition, a promising environmental exposure for prevention.

This study will use an observational cohort to cross-sectionally and longitudinally relate vascular health to clinical, imaging, and biological markers of early Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease among aging adults. Adjusting for relevant clinical covariates, we will test the hypothesis that vascular health is associated with clinical, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological, and cerebrospinal fluid markers of early cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease changes (i.e., prior to the onset of significant cognitive decline or dementia). Secondarily, we will examine medical and genetic factors that might mediate associations between vascular health and brain aging, such as inflammatory processes, insulin resistance, and genetic factors (e.g., APOE, a susceptibility risk factor for dementia). Findings will advance knowledge regarding the role that vascular health plays in brain aging.

Rationale: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus subthalamicus (STN) is an effective surgical treatment for the patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, despite optimal pharmacological treatment. However, individual improvement after DBS remains variable and 50% of patients show insufficient benefit. To date, DBS-electrode placement and settings in the highly connected STN are based on 1,5-Tesla or 3-Tesla MR-images. These low resolution and solely structural modalities are unable to visualize the multiple brain networks to this small nucleus and prevent electrode activation directed at its cortical projections. By using structural 7-Tesla MRI (7T MRI) connectivity to visualize (malfunctioning) brain networks, DBS-electrode placement and activation can be individualized. Objective: Primary objective of the study is to determine whether visualisation of cortical projections originating in the STN and the position of the DBS electrode relative to these projections using 7T MRI improves motor symptoms as measured by the disease-specific Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). Secondary outcomes are: disease related daily functioning, adverse effects, operation time, quality of life, patient satisfaction with treatment outcome and patient evaluation of treatment burden. Study design: The study will be a single center prospective observational study. Study population: Enrollment will be ongoing from April 2022. Intervention (if applicable): No intervention will be applied. Application of 7T MRI for DBS is standard care and outcome scores used will be readily accessible from the already existing advanced electronic DBS database. Main study parameters/endpoints: The primary outcome measure is the change in motor symptoms as measured by the disease-specific Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). This is measured after 6 months of DBS as part of standard care. The secondary outcome measures are the Amsterdam Linear Disability Score for functional health status, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39, Starkstein apathy scale, patient satisfaction with the treatment, patient evaluation of treatment burden, operating time, hospitalization time, change of tremor medication, side effects and complications. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The proposed observational research project involves treatment options that are standard care in daily practice. The therapies will not be combined with other research products. Participation in this study constitutes negligible risk according to NFU criteria for human research.

The survival interval of patients with gliomas ranges between 12 to 15 months. Recent findings revealed that dietary interventions to reduce glucose and glycolytic pathways could have a therapeutic effect. Ketosis can be an effective therapy to extend the survival of patients with gliomas.

With advances in technology, virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in various fields, including rehabilitation, motor learning, and neuroscience. Its ability to provide controlled, immersive, and interactive environments makes it a valuable tool for training and assessment. However, despite its growing adoption, limited evidence exists on how cortical activation in VR compares to real-world conditions. Moreover, brain cortical activity during motor tasks, such as manual dexterity tasks, remains underexplored. This study aims to compare brain cortical activity in real and immersive virtual reality settings during a manual dexterity task. Secondary objectives include: * Examining the relationship between brain cortical activity and kinematics in both conditions. * Comparing brain cortical activity between hand-tracking and controller-based interactions.