Cytology

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) is a common surgical treatment for breast cancer and a primary method for assessing the pathological status of axillary lymph nodes. Precise intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes during surgery assists in timely evaluation of axillary lymph node pathology and helps in formulating further treatment strategies. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) is one of the most commonly used intraoperative detection techniques. The new intraoperative cellular detection technology, EndoScell Scanner (ES), uses an improved real-time miniaturized fluorescence microscopy system for image acquisition. The ultra-high-resolution images obtained can reach the cellular level. In previous studies, the accuracy and sensitivity of this technology for intraoperative detection of sentinel lymph nodes were comparable to imprint cytology, but it is much more rapid. The detection technology uses fluorescein sodium and methylene blue as fluorescent dyes, which is non-invasive and also non-consumptive of tissue samples. This study involves patients scheduled for sentinel lymph node biopsy and aims to evaluate the clinical application value of the EndoScell Scanner (ES) for intraoperative assessment of the pathological status of sentinel lymph nodes through a prospective self-controlled study. To avoid the potential impact of methylene blue on the ES detection technology, we will use mitoxantrone as a new dye for sentinel lymph node tracing in this study. The primary study objective is to compare the accuracy of the ES detection technology in assessing sentinel lymph node status, using paraffin pathology examination as the gold standard. The primary endpoint is the accuracy of the ES technology. Secondary endpoints include the image quality score of the ES detection, the learning curve of the surgeons, and the time required for detection.

The current study aims to assess high-risk patients using both liquid-based cytology and cervical methylation testing. The results will be compared with the traditional hysteroscopic pathological findings to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for early detection of endometrial cancer, thereby evaluating their potential application in early screening. Primary Objectives： 1. To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of endometrial cytology for screening endometrial cancer. 2. To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of methylation testing for screening endometrial cancer. 3. To perform further molecular testing on tissue samples obtained from endometrial cytology and cervical methylation tests, aiming to explore early screening-sensitive indicators. Secondary Objectives： 1. To determine the value of endometrial cytology in evaluating the efficacy of fertility-sparing treatments for endometrial cancer. 2. To assess the value of methylation testing in evaluating the efficacy of fertility-sparing treatments for endometrial cancer.

Cervical cancer represents one of the foremost causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Given the current limitations, such as the low specificity of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and the relatively low sensitivity of cytological examinations, there is a pressing need for a novel, non-invasive, safe, and precise screening method. This study aims to undertake a multicentre, real-world investigation, incorporating at least 10 sub-centres and enrolling 30,000 participants. Histopathological examination results will serve as the 'gold standard' for evaluating the screening efficacy of human PAX1 and JAM3 gene methylation assays (PAX1m/JAM3m), HPV testing, and cytological examinations. Furthermore, the study seeks to elucidate the relationship between DNA methylation levels and persistent HPV infection, while also assessing the applicability of PAX1m/JAM3m across diverse clinical settings. By focusing on alterations in DNA methylation levels within cervical exfoliated cells as the primary research trajectory, this study aspires to furnish novel insights and theoretical foundations for the prevention and management of cervical cancer, targeting PAX1m/JAM3m. The ultimate objective is to facilitate the clinical implementation of an enhanced cervical cancer screening protocol, thereby addressing the deficiencies of current screening methodologies, achieving greater precision in cervical cancer screening, and effectively reducing the incidence of cervical cancer while mitigating the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.