Hiv Human Immunodeficiency Virus

In South Africa, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable condition, with high rates of viral suppression. As people living with HIV (PLWH) live longer, HIV care is increasingly focused on long-term health, quality of life, and prevention of non-communicable diseases such as obesity,cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders, which are increasingly common in this population. Sleep disturbance is highly prevalent among PLWH but is under-recognised in routine care. Poor sleep has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic, cognitive, and functional outcomes, yet is rarely systematically assessed in HIV programmes. Most existing evidence relies on subjective measures, with limited objective polysomnography data, particularly in African populations. In addition, the impact of different ART regimens on sleep health remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate and compare sleep health in virologically suppressed PLWH who switch from a dolutegravir-based regimen to a doravirine-based regimen versus thosewho remain on dolutegravir-based therapy. Sleep will be assessed using a multidimensional approach, incorporating polysomnography, actigraphy, and validated patient-reported outcome measures aligned with the RU-SATED framework. The study is particularly relevant in South Africa, where dolutegravir-based regimens are widely used and where obesity and metabolic disease are increasing. In a resource-limited setting where sleep disorders are often underdiagnosed, this study will generate locally relevant evidence on the relationship between ART and sleep health, with potential implications for more holistic HIV care.

People living with HIV now have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population, thanks to major advances in antiretroviral treatment. As they live longer, many of them experience multiple health conditions at the same time and take several medications, often more than people without HIV. In our region, 6,273 people are currently receiving antiretroviral therapy. However, the new care pathway designed for patients with multiple chronic conditions in the Basque Country's public health system does not include people with HIV. At the same time, we lack local data on how common multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and potentially inappropriate prescribing are among this group. These gaps motivated our study. Our goal is to estimate how frequent these issues are among all people with HIV who receive care in the infectious disease departments of the hospitals in Araba, Basurto, Galdakao, Cruces, and Donostia, and to compare them with a similar group of people without HIV. To do this, we designed a cross-sectional study including the 6,273 people with HIV and a control group from the general population, selected to match them by age, sex, and health centre. By analysing data from electronic health records, we aim to determine whether people with HIV have higher rates of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescribing than the general population. The findings from both groups will help us update the care pathway and improve coordinated care for HIV-positive patients with multiple health conditions.

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly women living with HIV (WLWH) who have a 6-fold increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women in the general population. Thermal ablation (TA) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat cervical precancerous lesions, although its efficacy can be suboptimal in WLWH. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a two-probe TA technique (endocervical and ectocervical probes) and whether this approach improves treatment outcomes among WLWH compared to one (ectocervical) probe. This innovation has the potential to significantly enhance cervical cancer prevention efforts in high-burden settings. It will also contribute towards achieving the 90-70-90 goals of the WHO strategy for accelerated elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030.

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly women living with HIV (WLWH) who have a 6-fold increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women in the general population. While thermal ablation (TA) is a WHO- recommended treatment for cervical precancerous lesions, its efficacy can be suboptimal in WLWH. We will also conduct a feasibility treatment cohort study of up to 300 Zimbabwean WLWH to provide evidence for a larger treatment effectiveness study. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a two-probe TA technique (endocervical and ectocervical probes) and whether this approach improves treatment outcomes among WLWH compared to one (ectocervical) probe. This innovation has the potential to significantly enhance cervical cancer prevention efforts in high-burden settings and to contribute towards achieving the 90-70-90 goals of the World Health Organization's (WHO) strategy for accelerated elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030.

The goal of this study is to examine two types of olfactory interventions (conventional olfactory training vs scented marker training) in adults with HIV. The two research questions are: 1. Determine if participants find the intervention acceptable and assess feasibility of the study. 2. Determine if the intervention improves olfactory function and cognitive function. Participants will come to our office and be administered the baseline battery of questions including olfactory and cognitive performance tests. Then they will be randomized and sent home with one of the two interventions (below) in which they will engage in it for 8 weeks, after which they come back to our office for the posttest battery of questions including olfactory and cognitive performance test. 1. Conventional Olfactory Training at Home -- 4 scents in which they will smell twice a day for 8 weeks. 2. Scented Marker Training at Home -- Several marker scents in which they will smell twice a day for 8 weeks.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), commonly known as fatty liver disease, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. People living with HIV (PWH) face a higher risk of developing MASLD due to chronic immune activation and long-term antiretroviral therapy, yet whether the underlying biological changes differ from those in HIV-negative individuals with MASLD remains unknown. This prospective observational study will enroll three groups: PWH with MASLD, HIV-negative individuals with MASLD, and healthy controls without liver disease. A single fasting blood sample will be collected from each participant. Using targeted lipidomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics platforms, researchers will compare plasma molecular profiles across the three groups to identify MASLD-specific lipid signatures, characterize metabolic pathway dysregulation, and discover potential blood-based biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of MASLD. Findings from this study may help explain how HIV infection alters lipid metabolism in the context of MASLD and support the development of HIV-specific diagnostic tools for fatty liver disease.

This observational research study is studying how substance use impacts scarring and inflammation of the heart. This study involves one study visit for a cardiac MRI.

HIV viral reservoirs represent the major barrier to curing AIDS, and effectively reducing viral reservoirs in people living with HIV through different strategies has become a research priority in the HIV field. Ipilimumab-tovorafenib monoclonal antibody injection (Aituo combination antibody, QL1706) contains two engineered monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4. Chidamide is the first independently developed histone deacetylase inhibitor in China. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Aituo combination antibody combined with chidamide in people living with HIV. This study adopts a modified "1+3+3" dose-escalation design. Initially, one participant will be enrolled at dose level 1 (DL1) for safety observation. If the treatment is well tolerated, the study will proceed to a standard 3+3 design, with sequential dose escalation to DL2 and DL3. Three dose levels are planned: DL1, the starting dose, consists of ipilimumab-tovorafenib monoclonal antibody injection at 0.3 mg/kg once every 4 weeks ± 1 day for a total of three doses, in combination with chidamide 10 mg orally twice weekly for 12 weeks. DL2 consists of ipilimumab-tovorafenib monoclonal antibody injection at 1 mg/kg once every 4 weeks ± 1 day for a total of three doses, in combination with chidamide 10 mg orally twice weekly for 12 weeks. DL3 consists of ipilimumab-tovorafenib monoclonal antibody injection at 2 mg/kg once every 4 weeks ± 1 day for a total of three doses, in combination with chidamide 10 mg orally twice weekly for 12 weeks. During dose escalation, progression to the next dose level or discontinuation of escalation will be determined according to the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). The DLT observation window is 28 days after the first dose. Participants evaluable for DLT are those who complete the observation window or experience a DLT. After completion of dose escalation, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) will be determined based on safety and tolerability. If the MTD is not reached, DL3 will be selected as the dose for subsequent study. After determination of the MTD or the subsequent study dose, an additional 11 participants will be enrolled at that dose level to further evaluate safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. The maximum total sample size of the study will be 29 participants.

This study aims to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of an innovative therapeutic strategy combining chidamide with NKG2D-directed chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cells in individuals living with HIV. The approach is predicated on the "shock and kill" paradigm: chidamide is employed to reactivate latent HIV reservoirs and upregulate surface target ligands (NKG2D ligands) on infected cells; subsequently, allogeneic NKG2D CAR-NK cells are infused to specifically recognize and eliminate these "marked" cells. This is a phase I, open-label, single-arm clinical trial comprising two distinct stages: a dose-escalation phase (phase Ia, utilizing a "1+3+3" design) and a dose-expansion phase (phase Ib). A total of 20 HIV-infected individuals who are stable on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have suppressed plasma viremia are planned for enrollment. Participants will receive oral chidamide over approximately five weeks, followed by two cycles of intravenous CAR-NK cell infusion. The primary endpoint is the safety and tolerability of the regimen, with particular attention to immune-related adverse events including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Secondary endpoints encompass exploratory assessments of potential virologic and immunologic effects, such as alterations in plasma HIV RNA, cell-associated viral nucleic acids, and CD4+ T-cell counts. This study is intended to provide initial human safety data and preliminary evidence regarding the potential of this combination strategy to contribute toward a functional cure for HIV infection.

The purpose of this research study is to test the safety and effectiveness of the study drug, resmetirom, in participants with MASLD and HIV. This is a research study to test a drug that is already on the market with a population that was not included in the original clinical trials. Participants will be people over age 18 with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy and have been diagnosed with MASLD. Researchers will compare resmetirom to placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if resmetirom decreases the amount of fat in the liver. Participants will: * Complete 3 screening visits to determine eligibility. * Take resmetirom or placebo every day for 24 weeks if eligible. * Have 2 MRI scans to measure the amount of fat on the liver. One will be before treatment starts and one will be at the end of 24 weeks of treatment. * Attend 3 scheduled clinic visits while on treatment for bloodwork and safety assessments. * Participate in 3 phone calls while on treatment and one phone call 4 weeks after treatment is completed to check for safety and any health changes.

This study was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in preventing paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with AIDS complicated by opportunistic infections. A total of 262 HIV-infected patients with a baseline CD4⁺ T-cell count \<100/μL, who were scheduled to initiate antiretroviral therapy and had opportunistic infections, were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the prednisolone group or the control group. Participants in the treatment group received prednisolone at 40 mg/day for 14 days followed by 20 mg/day for 14 days, whereas the control group received no glucocorticoid intervention. All participants were followed for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the incidence of paradoxical IRIS within 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included time to IRIS onset, duration of IRIS, mortality, hospitalization, serious adverse events, CD4⁺ T-cell counts, and HIV-RNA suppression. The findings will provide evidence-based support for the prevention of paradoxical IRIS.

The goal of this observational study is to develop, implement, and evaluate a machine learning algorithm-based Hepatitis C Emergency Department (HepC-EnD) screening tool for use in emergency departments (EDs) to identify patients at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HepC-EnD will be integrated into the University of Florida Health electronic health record (EHR) system as a best practice alert (BPA) pop-up for ED providers, notifying them of patients at high risk for HCV infection and recommending both HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening. Investigators aim to enhance the screening and diagnosis of individuals who may otherwise remain undiagnosed and untreated. The implementation outcomes (e.g., usability) and effectiveness outcomes (e.g., HCV screening and diagnosis rates) of HepC-EnD targeted screening will be compared with universal screening (FOCUS) and conventional physician-initiated screening programs in EDs.

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly women living with HIV (WLWH) who have a 6-fold increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women in the general population. Thermal ablation (TA) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat cervical precancerous lesions, although its efficacy can be suboptimal in WLWH. This is even more important at a time when Rwanda has launched a National Cervical Cancer Screening Program (NCCSP) with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and treatment, mainly using TA with unknown outcomes. Therefore, we will conduct a feasibility study (C1001P-CS5) among 300 Rwandan WLWH to provide evidence needed to launch a future effectiveness study. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a two-probe TA technique (endocervical and ectocervical probes) and whether this approach improves treatment outcomes among WLWH compared to one (ectocervical) probe. This innovation has the potential to significantly enhance cervical cancer prevention efforts in high-burden settings. It will also contribute towards achieving the 90-70-90 goals of the WHO strategy for accelerated elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030. Rwanda hopes to achieve this goal early, in 2027 under Mission 2027.

Transgender women in the intervention condition will attend TransAction individual risk reduction sessions; skill building and open group support sessions, and social events between baseline and 3-month assessment. Transgender women participants in the control condition will be invited to social events only.

This is a research study about the effects of vaginal estradiol compared to moisturizer on vaginal symptoms of menopause and the microbiome in women with HIV. This research study aims to understand how vaginal products affect the aging of the female genital tract in women living with HIV who are menopausal or perimenopausal and have vaginal or urinary symptoms. There is a comparison group of women who are living without HIV. Participants with HIV and vaginal or urinary menopausal symptoms (e.g., dryness, irritation, soreness, itching, pain with sex, dysuria, urgency, or frequent urinary tract infections) will be asked to apply vaginal estradiol or a vaginal moisturizer (Replens). Participants who have vaginal or urinary menopausal symptoms and do not have HIV will receive vaginal estradiol.

The main goal of the observational study is to evaluate participants' satisfaction with free HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and counselling offered by the cities of Lucerne and Zurich, Switzerland to young people and people with low incomes. Counselling and testing can be accessed without participating in the study arm of the project.

Managing HIV well requires taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) every day, but many people living with HIV experience interruptions in their treatment. These pauses in medication can happen for many reasons, such as side effects, challenges with getting to the clinic, personal circumstances, stigma, or difficulties with everyday life. When HIV treatment is stopped, the viral load can increase, which may affect a person's health and make it easier for HIV to be passed on to others. Restarting treatment quickly after an interruption is important for both personal and public health. However, it can be difficult for people who miss doses to get back on treatment right away. There are often several steps and medical appointments required before restarting, such as waiting for lab results or reviewing medical history, which can cause further delays. These additional steps can make it even harder for people to re-engage and may discourage them from returning to care. The REINITIATE study is designed for people living with HIV who have not taken any antiretroviral medications for at least the last 12 weeks. The study will offer participants a way to restart their HIV therapy quickly, by beginning treatment with B/F/TAF on the same day that they return to care. B/F/TAF is a widely used, once-daily HIV regimen, and is recommended in national treatment guidelines. Researchers want to find out if this rapid restart approach is safe and effective, and whether it helps people regain control of HIV and remain in care. The study will also examine how many participants are able to keep the virus at a low level (viral suppression), stay engaged in their HIV care, and tolerate the medication after rapidly restarting treatment. In addition, the study will include interviews with some participants, to gain a better understanding of why they stopped taking their medications and what supported their return to treatment. These insights could help healthcare teams develop better ways to support people living with HIV in the future.

Treatment adherence is defined by compliance with the dosage schedule (i.e., dose per dose and number of doses per day), as well as the duration of administration (i.e., number of days during which the dosage schedule must be followed). Treatment adherence determines the therapeutic efficacy and the absence of toxicity of the prescribed medication. However, this adherence is far from being respected even by patients with serious pathologies such as patients living with HIV (PLWHIV). However, among PLWHIV, non-adherence is a significant source of virological failure and is difficult to assess because it is most often based on what the patient reports to their doctor. A currently used approach consists of determining the drug concentration in the blood and possibly that of its metabolite(s). However, determining a drug's blood concentration presents two major pitfalls: (i) it is necessary to take a blood sample, which remains an invasive procedure for the patient; (ii) for the vast majority of drugs, if the patient scrupulously adheres to the dosage schedule a few days before the blood sample is taken, the drug concentration is most often within the expected range. Therefore, a concentration in the reference range does not exclude partial or even total non-compliance between two medical visits. Saliva is a more easily accessible matrix than blood. However, the same representativeness problem is encountered due to the fact that saliva is in almost instantaneous equilibrium with blood. Urine could be used to assess compliance. However, this requires multiple urine collections between two doses. This constraint is not compatible with the organization of clinical services. The objective is to determine intra-individual variability in the amount of antiretroviral (ARV) in different segments of the same strand of hair during periods of full treatment adherence. This objective is preliminary to the use of hair as a tool for detecting treatment non-adherence in patients. Two reference antiretroviral molecules will be documented: Emtricitabine and Lamivudine, as they are present, one or the other, in the majority of antiretroviral combination strategies.

The purpose of this multicentric study was to assess the attitude of Italian dental students towards HIV-infected patients. In particular, the level of discomfort perceived during the treatment, any discriminatory attitude on their part, their level of knowledge of the disease and the application of the sterilization protocols to avoid professional exposure and cross-infections.

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly women living with HIV (WLWH) who have a 6-fold increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women in the general population. Thermal ablation (TA) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat cervical precancerous lesions, although its efficacy can be suboptimal in WLWH. In Kenya, the estimated incidence rate of cervical cancer is 31-33 per 100,000 women per year among women without HIV and approximately 70-100 per 100,000 among WLWH. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a two-probe TA technique (endocervical and ectocervical probes) and whether this approach improves treatment outcomes among WLWH compared to one (ectocervical) probe. This innovation has the potential to significantly enhance cervical cancer prevention efforts in high-burden settings. It will also contribute towards achieving the 90-70-90 goals of the WHO strategy for accelerated elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030.

The goal of this study is to learn if HIV screening testing can be done for children ages 18 months to 5 years by traditional healers in Southwestern Uganda. The main questions the investigators aim to answer are: * Will caretakers of children coming to a traditional healer for their care accept an HIV test from them? * What views of HIV such as stigma and knowledge might affect the caretaker's choice to accept HIV testing or not for their child? Researchers will compare how many caretakers accept HIV testing for their child by a traditional healer compared to how many accept and go for testing at a nearby health center after being referred by a healer. Participants will: * Complete a form with the child's health history and past medical history * Complete surveys on knowledge and understanding of HIV and stigma * Decide to to have a rapid, oral swab test the child-participant for HIV * Complete a follow up call once per month for 3 months to see if the child-participant went for follow up care for those in the referral group or for those who tested positive by the traditional healer

Depression is a common psychiatric condition among Youth with HIV (YWH), with prevalence as high as 25% in the United States. The treatment of depression is essential for improving both psychiatric and medical outcomes for YWH (e.g., adherence to antiretroviral treatment). Practice guidelines for the treatment of depression and substantial research (including for those with and without HIV), indicate that measured-care treatment (care decisions guided by systematic symptom measurement) and using a combination of a medication management algorithm (MMA) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that is tailored to the population is efficacious. Unfortunately, these methods are seldom fully implemented in practice, leading to markedly reduced intervention effectiveness. This proposed project will compare an enhanced version of combination treatment (COMBEX) to our previously tested combination treatment (COMB) in a Hybrid Type 2 Cluster Randomized Trial. COMBEX will be enhanced by five ERIC implementation strategies as suggested in our post-trial interviews from our efficacy trial and it will also continue to use the ERIC strategies used in COMB. It is hypothesized that these additional ERIC strategies will improve sustainability and depression outcomes at 48 and 72 weeks.

The PLUTO trial aims to contribute to the worldwide search for a functional cure of HIV. One the strategies ("shock and kill' strategy) aims to reverse the HIV-reservoir from latency by increasing cell-associated HIV-RNA, which will lead to increased antigen presentation, trigger immune recognition, and facilitate the elimination of reservoir cells. Participants of the trial are adults with HIV with undetectable viral load that are able to give informed consent to participate in the trial, in total 30 patients will be recruited. The investigational medical compounds in this trial are topiramate, lenalidomide and pyrimethamine, which will be combined. These are all licensed drugs for other conditions. The study consists of two phases. In phase I participants will receive a single dose of the IMPs, as combination therapy. Sampling will be performed before, during and after medical treatment to evaluate latency reversal and safety endpoints. In phase II, participants will receive the combination of IMPs which is the most potent and within safety limits selected from phase I during a four-week treatment. Sampling will take place on a weekly basis to assess latency reversal, reservoir reduction and safety. Participants will be recruited from the Erasmus MC, Amsterdam university Medical Center, Radboud University Medical Center and the University Medical Center Utrecht.

Project SPEED (Streamlined Protocol for Early Engagement and Delivery of HIV Prevention) is a pragmatic, cluster randomized implementation study evaluating a nurse-driven model for delivering long-acting injectable cabotegravir (LAI-CAB) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) within local public health departments (LPHDs) in Missouri. Although LAI-CAB is a highly effective HIV prevention strategy, access remains limited in many rural and resource-constrained settings due to workforce shortages and barriers to specialty care. In this study, LPHDs are randomized to either implement a structured nurse-led PrEP delivery protocol (SPEED intervention) or continue current standard practices. At intervention sites, trained registered nurses assess PrEP eligibility, provide HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing, administer LAI-CAB injections under standing orders, and support ongoing follow-up as part of routine public health services. Control sites continue their usual workflows without additional training or standardized PrEP delivery processes introduced by the study. The study uses an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type III design and is guided by established implementation science frameworks to evaluate reach, adoption, implementation, and sustainability of the nurse-driven model. Participants receiving care at participating LPHDs are followed for up to 48 weeks. Project SPEED aims to generate real-world evidence on whether a nurse-driven approach can expand access to long-acting HIV prevention in public health settings, particularly in rural and underserved communities, and to inform scalable strategies for broader implementation of LAI-CAB PrEP.

We investigate the role of empagliflozin in the treatment of obesity in PLWH.