[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"health-studies-list:{\"conditionNormalized\":\"keratoconus\",\"overallStatus\":[\"RECRUITING\",\"AVAILABLE\",\"NOT_YET_RECRUITING\"],\"orderBy\":\"LastUpdateSubmitDate:desc\",\"size\":25,\"offset\":0}":3,"health-study-condition:keratoconus":654},{"pageToken":4,"total":5,"offset":6,"count":7,"results":8},null,38,0,25,[9,49,75,99,120,147,171,190,212,237,266,287,318,340,385,412,434,463,497,521,540,564,581,601,621],{"id":10,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":12,"briefTitle":13,"officialTitle":13,"acronym":14,"eligibilityCriteria":15,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":18,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":22,"briefSummary":24,"conditions":25,"keywords":30,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":37,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":38,"startDateStruct":41,"completionDateStruct":43,"leadSponsor":45,"locationsCount":48},"100635938",false,"NCT07559188","Proof-of-Concept for a Novel Optical Aperture Contact Lens in Presbyopia and Keratoconus","NOA","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age ≥ 18y at time of informed consent.\n* Provide written Informed Consent.\n* Being diagnosed in both eyes with:\n* Keratoconus, without having presbyopia (Group A) OR: Emmetropic (+-0.5 D) presbyopia, without having corneal irregularities (Group B)\n* Cornea considered to be clinically stable at the discretion of the investigator (e.g. no recent cross linking performed, no current corneal sutures, no corneal sutures recently removed).\n* Willing to remove current contact lenses (any type) in both eyes for a minimum of 48 hours prior to every study visit.\n* Able to read Dutch.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Active ocular infection or inflammation, including infectious keratitis, infectious conjunctivitis or blepharitis with discharge.\n* Medical history (of ocular pathologies) that might lead to incomplete\u002Fincorrect eye surface scan OR wavefront aberrometry, at the discretion of the investigator.\n* Use of fluorescein in the eye, within 12 hours prior to the PentacamAXL Wave scan.\n* Contact lens refitting within one month prior to the screening PentacamAXL Wave scan (or planned refitting throughout the study), as this can significantly impact the corneal or scleral surface.\n* Use of hybrid contact lenses or corneal RGP contact lenses within 3 months prior to (or planned use during) study participation.\n* Having worn contact lenses (any type) within 48 hours prior to performing the screening Pentacam AXL Wave scan at visit 1.\n* Clinically significant acute non-infectious ocular surface abnormality, including active corneal abrasion, recent ocular surface trauma.\n* Severe ocular surface disease that prevents safe lens application, stable wear, or lens removal.\n* Severe corneal hypoesthesia or neurotrophic keratopathy which would impair perception of pain, foreign body sensation or delay symptom reporting.\n* Known hypersensitivity or allergy to the lens material or approved cleaning, disinfecting or filling solutions.\n* Active allergic eye disease, including active papillary or follicular conjunctivitis.\n* Systemic conditions known to impair corneal healing, such as uncontrolled autoimmune disease.\n* Glaucoma.\n* Central opacity and\u002For central corneal scarring and\u002For cataract.\n* History of low corneal endothelial cell count (\\\u003C 1500 cells\u002Fmm2) or endothelial pathologies, at the discretion of the investigator.\n* Aphakic and pseudophakic.\n* Severe meibomian gland dysfunction, at the discretion of the investigator.\n* Known vitreoretinal pathologies, at the discretion of the investigator.\n* Subjects needing eye drops every 2hrs.\n* Pregnant or breastfeeding woman.\n* History of other known ocular pathologies that might influence the measured endpoints of the study, at the discretion of the investigator.","ALL","18 Years",{"count":19,"type":20},16,"ESTIMATED","INTERVENTIONAL",[23],"NA","The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the NOA lens, a custom-made scleral contact lens developed by Azalea Vision BV, in improving visual quality for individuals with keratoconus and presbyopia.\n\nThis clinical study investigates a new lens design featuring a specific central aperture (opening) intended to enhance image quality by increasing depth of focus and reducing optical aberrations. The NOA lens serves as a functional prototype for future \"smart lens\" technology, specifically the ALMA Smart Lens. The study aims to determine if this specialized lens provides a solution for patients whose visual needs are not fully met by conventional glasses or contact lenses.\n\nThe investigation will compare a standard refractive scleral lens (Type 1) against the aperture-integrated lens (Type 2) to validate the \"pinhole effect\" in improving vision and reducing higher-order aberrations.",[26,27,28,29],"Keratoconus","Presbyopia","Scleral Contact Lenses","Pinhole",[31,32,33,34,35],"keratoconus","presbyopia","scleral contact lenses","pinhole","central aperture","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2026-07-01",{"date":39,"type":40},"2026-07-02","ACTUAL",{"date":42,"type":20},"2026-10-01",{"date":44,"type":20},"2027-03-31",{"name":46,"class":47},"Azalea Vision","INDUSTRY",2,{"id":50,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":51,"briefTitle":52,"officialTitle":53,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":54,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":55,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":56,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":58,"briefSummary":60,"conditions":61,"keywords":62,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":65,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":66,"startDateStruct":68,"completionDateStruct":70,"leadSponsor":72,"locationsCount":74},"100639355","NCT07629557","Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Same-Day Bilateral Epithelium-On Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus","Single-arm, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Feasibility of Bilateral Epithelium-on Corneal Collagen Cross-linking With Epioxa™ HD\u002FEpioxa™ and UV-A Irradiation Using the O2n™ System and Supplemental Oxygen Using the Boost Goggles® in Subjects With Keratoconus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Provide written informed consent\n* Willing and able to comply with study instructions and follow-up visits\n* Diagnosis of keratoconus in each eye\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Known allergy or sensitivity to study medications\n* History of corneal disease\n* Prior corneal cross-linking in either eye\n* Pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy during the study period\n* Participated in other investigational drug or device trial within 30 days of the study","13 Years",{"count":57,"type":20},15,[59],"PHASE4","Clinical trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of corneal cross-linking in both eyes on the same day in subjects with keratoconus.",[26],[26,63],"Corneal Cross-linking","RECRUITING","2026-06-01",{"date":67,"type":40},"2026-06-05",{"date":69,"type":40},"2026-05-11",{"date":71,"type":20},"2027-09",{"name":73,"class":47},"Glaukos Corporation",1,{"id":76,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":77,"briefTitle":78,"officialTitle":78,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":79,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":81,"maxAge":82,"enrollmentInfo":83,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":86,"conditions":87,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":65,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":90,"startDateStruct":92,"completionDateStruct":94,"leadSponsor":96,"locationsCount":74},"100288134","NCT03030755","Corneal Elastography and Patient Specific Modeling","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Any patient with keratoconus diagnosed by standard criteria, including topographic steepness, irregular astigmatism with a pattern consistent with keratoconus.\n* Any patient deemed a candidate for LASIK (laser vision correction) and scheduled for surgery.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to provide informed consent, including non-English speaking (if interpreter not available) and cognitively\u002Fmentally impaired (if legal guardian not available).",true,"16 Years","80 Years",{"count":84,"type":20},60,"OBSERVATIONAL","The goal of this research is to develop measurement tools and simulation technology for characterizing and predicting individual responses to corneal treatments and for advancing understanding of corneal ectasia risk factors. Patients who either 1) have keratoconus and are being evaluated for corneal crosslinking or 2) have refractive error and are being evaluated for refractive surgery procedures such as LASIK will have their eyes imaged to assess their mechanical properties and will have computational simulations performed to predict the response to treatment. One aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that computational models can predict the cornea's shape changes within clinically acceptable limits of error.",[88,89,26],"Cornea; Ectasia","Refractive Errors",{"date":91,"type":40},"2026-06-03",{"date":93,"type":4},"2016-05",{"date":95,"type":20},"2027-05",{"name":97,"class":98},"The Cleveland Clinic","OTHER",{"id":100,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":101,"briefTitle":102,"officialTitle":102,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":103,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":104,"maxAge":105,"enrollmentInfo":106,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":107,"briefSummary":108,"conditions":109,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":111,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":112,"startDateStruct":114,"completionDateStruct":116,"leadSponsor":118,"locationsCount":4},"100637827","NCT07599020","Measuring the Changes of the Intraocular Pressure After Corneal Cross Linking Using Corvis CT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients who will corneal cross linking for mild degree of keratoconus, age between 19 and 35 years old\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Corneal scarring.\n* Previous corneal infections.\n* Minimum corneal thickness at the thinnest location less than 400 µm.\n* History of uveitis or ocular allergy.\n* Pre-existing glaucoma.","19 Years","35 Years",{"count":74,"type":20},[23],"To evaluate the changes that occur in the intraocular pressure before and after corneal cross linking using Corvis CT.",[26,110],"Intraocular Pressure","2026-05-16",{"date":113,"type":40},"2026-05-20",{"date":115,"type":20},"2026-07-10",{"date":117,"type":20},"2027-02-10",{"name":119,"class":98},"Tanta University",{"id":121,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":122,"briefTitle":123,"officialTitle":124,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":125,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":4,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":126,"targetDuration":128,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":129,"conditions":130,"keywords":131,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":138,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":139,"startDateStruct":141,"completionDateStruct":143,"leadSponsor":145,"locationsCount":74},"100356599","NCT03923101","The Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC)","The Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC) - a Keratoconus Observation Study","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* All Keratoconus patients presenting in the department of ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients without Keratoconus.",{"count":127,"type":20},5000,"10 Years","Aim of this study is to conduct longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses about the corneal ectatic disease Keratoconus based on data obtained from Keratoconus patients in the Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC).\n\nThe Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC) was founded in 2010 and, up to now, comprises more than 3,000 Keratoconus patients. Topographic, tomographic and biomechanic characteristics of the disease are being analyzed with the intention to elucidate how the disease begins and develops during lifetime.",[26],[26,132,133,134,135,136,137],"Crosslinking","Intracorneal ring segments","Gas-permeable rigid contact-lenses","Penetrating Keratoplasty","Deep anterior lamellar Keratoplasty","ABCD Grading System","2026-04-22",{"date":140,"type":40},"2026-04-27",{"date":142,"type":40},"2011-01-01",{"date":144,"type":20},"2036-01-01",{"name":146,"class":98},"Universität des Saarlandes",{"id":148,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":149,"briefTitle":150,"officialTitle":151,"acronym":152,"eligibilityCriteria":153,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":154,"enrollmentInfo":155,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":157,"briefSummary":158,"conditions":159,"keywords":161,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":162,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":163,"startDateStruct":165,"completionDateStruct":167,"leadSponsor":169,"locationsCount":74},"100629453","NCT07474870","Outcomes of CTAK Surgery","Outcomes of Corneal Tissue Addition for Keratoplasty (CTAK) in Patients With Ectatic Corneas","CTAK","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Corneal Ectasia and Keratoconus\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Excessively thin cornea\n* Significant corneal scarring","85 Years",{"count":156,"type":20},100,[59],"Measuring quality of vision and quality of life outcomes using a validated questionnaire in participants undergoing CTAK surgery for corneal ectasia",[26,160],"Corneal Ectasia",[152,160],"2026-04-21",{"date":164,"type":40},"2026-04-24",{"date":166,"type":20},"2026-05",{"date":168,"type":20},"2031-01",{"name":170,"class":98},"Stanford University",{"id":172,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":173,"briefTitle":174,"officialTitle":174,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":175,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":176,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":177,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":179,"conditions":180,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":181,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":182,"startDateStruct":184,"completionDateStruct":186,"leadSponsor":188,"locationsCount":74},"100635526","NCT07553832","Clinical and Subclinical Keratoconus Cohort Study","Inclusion criteria:\n\n1. Inclusion criteria for suspected keratoconus 1.1 Both eyes did not meet the diagnostic criteria for keratoconus, and the included eyes met the criteria 1.1.1 BCVA≥1.0 1.1.2 No obvious abnormal signs under slit lamp; 1.1.3 At least one abnormal corneal topography feature: abnormal anterior corneal surface (KISA\\>60%); Asymmetric collar with or without meridional tilt (I-S \\>1.4D); Abnormal increase of corneal curvature (Km\\>47.2D); The posterior surface of the cornea was abnormally elevated (PTE\\>11μm).\n\n   1.1.4 1.6≤BAD-D \\\u003C 2.6 in Pantacam. 1.2 Patients aged 4 years or older. 1.3 informed consent was obtained from patients. If the patient was younger than 18 years of age, the patient and guardian provided written informed consent.\n2. Inclusion criteria for subclinical keratoconus:\n\n   2.1 The contralateral eye was diagnosed with keratoconus, and the included eye met the following criteria: 2.1.1 BCVA≥1.0 2.1.2 No obvious abnormal signs under slit lamp; 2.1.3 BAD-D \\\u003C 2.6 in Pantacam. 2.2 Age ≥ 4 years old. 2.3 informed consent was obtained from patients. If the patient was younger than 18 years of age, the patient and guardian provided written informed consent.\n3. Keratoconus inclusion criteria:\n\n3.1 History of myopia and astigmatism, BCVA≤1.0 3.2 Slit-lamp examination reveals at least one sign: corneal thinning, conical protrusion, Vogts striae, Fleischers rings, or anterior stromal scarring.\n\n3.3 abnormal corneal topography features, such as asymmetric bow tie, subtemporal steeping, abnormal thickness distribution, and reduced minimum thickness, with BAD-D≥2.6 in Pantacam.\n\n3.4 Age ≥ 4 years old. 3.5 Informed consent was obtained from patients. If the patient was younger than 18 years of age, the patient and guardian provided written informed consent.\n\nExclusion criteria:\n\n1. Patients with a history of ocular surgery and significant corneal scarring.\n2. Patients who could not understand or cooperate with the examination and follow-up.","4 Years",{"count":178,"type":20},421,"The pathogenesis of keratoconus remains unclear, and its natural course has yet to be fully understood. For non-progressive patients and post-surgical cases, clinical management primarily involves follow-up observation, with significant challenges in visual rehabilitation. This study aims to establish a prospective keratoconus cohort to identify risk factors, natural progression, and the efficacy of interventions. Additionally, it seeks to explore changes in ocular biometric parameters and other pathophysiological characteristics in keratoconus patients, investigate the relationship between keratoconus and systemic diseases or comorbidities, and assess refractive interventions and visual rehabilitation strategies for keratoconus patients.",[26],"2026-04-20",{"date":183,"type":40},"2026-04-28",{"date":185,"type":20},"2026-09-01",{"date":187,"type":20},"2029-12-01",{"name":189,"class":98},"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University",{"id":191,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":192,"briefTitle":193,"officialTitle":194,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":195,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":196,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":197,"briefSummary":198,"conditions":199,"keywords":200,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":203,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":204,"startDateStruct":206,"completionDateStruct":208,"leadSponsor":210,"locationsCount":74},"100219795","NCT02138669","Intacs Prescription Inserts for Keratoconus Patients","INTACS® Prescription Inserts Used to Treat Patients With Keratoconus as a Humanitarian Use Device","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nWho have experienced a progressive deterioration in their vision, such thot they can no longer achieve adequate functional vision on a daily basis with their contact lenses or spectacles; Who are 21 years of age or older; Who have clear central corneas; Who have a corneal thickness of 450 microns or greater at the proposed incision site; Who have corneal transplantation as the only remaining option to improve their functional vision.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nWho have abnormally thin corneas or who have a corneal thickness of 449 microns or less at the proposed incision site;\n\nPatients with collagen vascular, autoimmune or immunodeficiency disease;\n\nPregnant or nursing patients;\n\nPresence of ocular conditions, such as recurrent corneal erosion syndrome or corneal dystrophy, that my predispose the patient to future complications;\n\nPatients who are taking on or more of following medications: isotretinoin (Accutane); amiodarone HCL (Cordarone).",{"count":7,"type":20},[23],"The US food and Drug Administration (FDA) originally approved INTACS prescription inserts in April 1999 for the correction of low levels of nearsightedness (-1.00 to -3.00 diopters). Additional clinical data have shown that INTACS are safe for the treatment of keratoconus, in July 2004, FDA approved INTACS inserts for the treatment of keratoconus as a Humanitarian Use Device (FDA approval letter attached). The statute and the implementing regulation of FDA (21 CFR 814.124 (aj) require IRB review and approval before a HUD is used.INTACS prescription inserts are composed of two clear segments, each having an arc length of 150°, they are manufactured form a biomedical material called polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and are available in three thicknesses. Two INTACS inserts ranging from 0.250mm to 0.350mm may be implanted depending on the orientation of the cone and the amount of myopia and astigmatism to be reduced.",[26],[201,26,202],"Cornea","Steep cornea","2026-04-03",{"date":205,"type":40},"2026-04-09",{"date":207,"type":4},"2011-01",{"date":209,"type":20},"2030-07-31",{"name":211,"class":98},"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center",{"id":213,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":214,"briefTitle":215,"officialTitle":216,"acronym":217,"eligibilityCriteria":218,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":219,"enrollmentInfo":220,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":222,"briefSummary":223,"conditions":224,"keywords":225,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":228,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":229,"startDateStruct":231,"completionDateStruct":233,"leadSponsor":235,"locationsCount":74},"100407338","NCT04584125","A Randomized Clinical Trial of Ex Vivo Corneal Cross-Linking of Donor Keratoplasty Tissue for Keratoconus Used for Keratoplasty in Keratoconus Patients","A Randomized Clinical Trial of Ex Vivo Corneal Cross-Linking of Donor Keratoplasty Tissue for Keratoconus","EVOKE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Willing and able to provide written informed consent.\n* Willing and able to comply with study assessments for the full duration of the study.\n* Age ≥18 years but ≤50 years\n* History of keratoconus (without a previous transplant) requiring keratoplasty\n* Willing to commit to not having further cross-linking, corneal relaxing incisions, intacs, or corneal laser vision correction during the course of the study\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age \\\u003C 18 years \\>50\n* Inability to provide written informed consent and comply with study assessments for the full duration of the study\n* Participation in another simultaneous interventional medical investigation or trial\n\nSystemic\n\n* History of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or ocular pemphigoid\n* Signs of current infection, including fever and current treatment with antibiotics\n* Pregnancy (positive pregnancy test) or lactating\n* Pre-menopausal sexually active women not using adequate contraception (Reliable intrauterine devices, hormonal contraception or a spermicide in combination with a barrier method)\n\nRecipient Eye\n\n* Corneal or ocular surface infection within 30 days prior to study entry\n* History of previous cross-linking\n* History of previous corneal transplant\n* Non-healing epithelial defect of at least 0.5x0.5 mm in host corneal bed lasting ≥6 weeks preoperatively\n* Ocular or periocular malignancy\n* Lid abnormalities that in the opinion of the investigator could confound the study results and these include clinically significant ectropion, lagophthalmos, cicatrization, entropion, and rosacea\n* Neurotrophic cornea\n* Monocular\n* Uncontrolled glaucoma\n* Glaucoma filtering devices or trabeculectomies","50 Years",{"count":221,"type":20},216,[23],"This randomized clinical trial will assess corneal astigmatism and visual outcomes in participants who have undergone corneal transplantation for keratoconus with ex vivo cross-linked donor corneal tissue versus participants who have undergone corneal transplantation for keratoconus with non-cross-linked donor corneas. Crosslinking is a procedure that stabilizes the biomechanical properties of the cornea; as a result, the cornea stiffens. It has been shown that this procedure stabilizes the cornea of patients with keratoconus or corneal ectasias. The FDA currently approves crosslinking for patients with progressive keratoconus and corneal ectasia following refractive surgery. Ex vivo crosslinking of donor corneal tissue for patients with keratoconus undergoing PK or DALK could stabilize the cornea and reduce the risk of high astigmatism and improve vision in patient with keratoconus.",[26],[226,135,227],"Corneal Crosslinking","Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty","2026-04-02",{"date":230,"type":40},"2026-04-08",{"date":232,"type":20},"2027-01-01",{"date":234,"type":20},"2028-11-30",{"name":236,"class":98},"Joseph B. Ciolino, MD",{"id":238,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":239,"briefTitle":240,"officialTitle":241,"acronym":242,"eligibilityCriteria":243,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":244,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":246,"conditions":247,"keywords":252,"overallStatus":36,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":257,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":258,"startDateStruct":260,"completionDateStruct":262,"leadSponsor":264,"locationsCount":48},"100631218","NCT07497815","Artificial Intelligence-assisted Diagnosis in Ophthalmology","Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-assisted Diagnostic System for Ophthalmic Pathologies","AI-OPHTH-CR","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Image corresponds to patient ≥18 years of age at time of capture\n* Image modality is one of: fundus photography, posterior segment OCT, anterior segment photography, automated perimetry, or video-OCT\n* Image quality sufficient for diagnostic interpretation (adequate resolution, focus, illumination, complete visualization of anatomical area of interest, no major artifacts)\n* Minimum clinical data available (age or age group, sex, and diagnosis or clinical indication)\n* Image captured during routine clinical care (not specifically for research)\n* No patient objection to use of medical data for research (when applicable per center policy)\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nCLINICAL:\n\n* Images from eyes with recent intraocular surgery (\\\u003C3 months)\n* Images from eyes with severe ocular trauma distorting anatomy\n* Images from patients with rare or unique ocular pathologies not allowing generalization\n* Images post-recent laser treatment where acute changes may confuse analysis\n\nTECHNICAL:\n\n* Severely degraded image quality (extreme blur, severe under\u002Foverexposure, major artifacts preventing interpretation)\n* Duplicate images of same eye on same date\n* Images with missing or clearly erroneous metadata\n* Images in non-standard or corrupted formats that cannot be processed\n\nSex\u002FGender: All Minimum Age: 18 Years Maximum Age: No limit Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes (images of healthy eyes without pathology are included as controls)",{"count":245,"type":20},15000,"This is a retrospective, multicenter, observational study designed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) system capable of detecting and classifying major ophthalmic diseases (glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and other retinal pathologies) in the Costa Rican population. The study will use approximately 15,000 existing medical images from digital archives of two ophthalmic centers in Costa Rica, without active participant recruitment or capture of new images.\n\nThe primary motivation is that AI systems developed in other countries (primarily Asian, European, or North American populations) do not necessarily perform with the same accuracy when applied to Latin American populations. This study seeks to establish a precedent for the importance of locally validating any medical AI technology before clinical implementation.",[248,249,250,26,251],"Macular Degeneration","Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)","Glaucoma","Cataract",[253,254,255,256],"artificial inteligence","ophthalmology","imaging","bias","2026-03-26",{"date":259,"type":40},"2026-04-01",{"date":261,"type":20},"2026-05-01",{"date":263,"type":20},"2029-05-01",{"name":265,"class":47},"Marisse Masis-Solano",{"id":267,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":268,"briefTitle":269,"officialTitle":270,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":271,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":272,"enrollmentInfo":273,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":274,"briefSummary":276,"conditions":277,"keywords":278,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":279,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":280,"startDateStruct":282,"completionDateStruct":284,"leadSponsor":286,"locationsCount":74},"100623770","NCT07400952","Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of GLK-221 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Keratoconus","Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of GLK-221 Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Keratoconus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Be ≥ 18 and ≤ 55 years of age\n* Diagnosis of keratoconus in the study eye\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy\n* Currently enrolled, or within 30 days prior to Screening were enrolled, in another investigational drug or device trial","55 Years",{"count":156,"type":20},[275],"PHASE2","Multi-center, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of twice-daily topically administered GLK-221 Ophthalmic Solution in subjects with keratoconus.",[26],[26],"2026-02-03",{"date":281,"type":40},"2026-02-10",{"date":283,"type":40},"2025-12-23",{"date":285,"type":20},"2027-04",{"name":73,"class":47},{"id":288,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":289,"briefTitle":290,"officialTitle":290,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":291,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":292,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":293,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":295,"briefSummary":297,"conditions":298,"keywords":302,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":308,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":309,"startDateStruct":311,"completionDateStruct":313,"leadSponsor":315,"locationsCount":317},"100603334","NCT07135167","Compassionate Use Study of Epi-ON Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Performed Using UVA Exposure on Eyes With Ectatic Corneal Diseases for Subjects With Down Syndrome","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Be at least 8 years of age or older, male or female, of any race.\n2. Have a diagnosis of Down syndrome or other cognitive, developmental, or medical conditions that precludes the subject from reliably following instructions or performing some of the study examination procedures.\n3. Have a diagnosis of keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, progressive ectasia after previous CXL treatment, other ectatic condition, or forme fruste keratoconus based on topography, tomography, and slit lamp examination.\n4. Provide written informed consent and a signed HIPAA form. Pediatric subjects less than 14 years of age must sign an assent, and a parent or legal guardian must sign an informed consent. If the subject has impaired consent capacity, determined by the consenter, the consent form must be signed by the subject's legally authorized representative on behalf of the subject.\n5. Satisfactory completion of the standardized clinical decision tool evaluation of patient suitability for CXL. (See Section 7.2.3)\n6. Be willing and able to follow all instructions to the best of his\u002Fher abilities and comply with the schedule for follow-up visits.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Normal corneal topography.\n2. A history of previous corneal transplant in the study eye.\n3. Minimum corneal thickness \\\u003C 300 (measured by Pentacam and Ultrasound) at the screening exam.\n4. Previous ocular condition (other than refractive error) in the eye(s) to be treated that may predispose the eye to future complications or prevent the possibility of improved vision, for example:\n\n   1. History of, or active, corneal disease (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster keratitis, etc.)\n   2. Clinically significant corneal scarring in the central cornea that, in the investigator's opinion, will not allow the subject to achieve functional vision, even with contact lens correction, after the crosslinking procedure.\n5. A known contraindication, sensitivity, or allergy to the test article or its components or to study medications.\n6. Nystagmus or any other condition that would prevent a steady gaze during the crosslinking treatment or other diagnostic tests.\n7. If female, pregnant, lactating or planning a pregnancy, or having a positive urine pregnancy test prior to the randomization of, or treatment of either eye during the course of the study. \\[NOTE: If female and capable of becoming pregnant, must agree to use a medically acceptable form of birth control for at least one week prior to the treatment visit and to continue one month following treatment. \\]\n\n7\\. Inability to remove soft or scleral contact lenses at least 3 days before initial and follow-up examinations.\n\n8\\. Inability to remove rigid gas-permeable contact lenses at least 2 weeks before initial and follow-up examinations.\n\n9\\. Inability to return for required postoperative examinations. 10. Presence or history or any other condition or finding that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable as a candidate for crosslinking or study participation or may confound the outcome of the study.","8 Years",{"count":294,"type":20},225,[296],"PHASE3","The goal of this clinical trial is to study the effects of an experimental (not Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved) treatment called corneal crosslinking (CXL) for conditions in which the cornea becomes progressively thin, steep, and misshapen, causing vision to be blurred.\n\nCXL is performed by putting riboflavin (vitamin B2) drops onto the eye and then exposing it to ultraviolet (UVA) light at about the same intensity as you get outdoors on a bright, sunny day. It is designed to stop the progression of disease by strengthening the cornea. Study participants will be 8 years of age or older and have a diagnosis of Down syndrome.\n\nThe main question it aims to answer is:\n\n* Does CXL help prevent or slow the progression of someone's corneal condition and vision loss?\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Attend up to a total of 7 in office visits over the course of 6 months, where several eye and vision tests will be given.\n\nReceive CXL (applying riboflavin (Vitamin B2 eye drops) to the eye, then exposing the eye to ultraviolet (UV-A) light for 20 minutes).",[299,26,300,301],"Down Syndrome (DS)","Pellucid Marginal Degeneration","Forme Fruste Keratoconus (FFK)",[303,304,305,306,307],"corneal crosslinking (CXL)","cornea","riboflavin","vitamin B2","ultraviolet","2026-01-29",{"date":310,"type":40},"2026-02-02",{"date":312,"type":40},"2025-08-01",{"date":314,"type":20},"2028-12-31",{"name":316,"class":98},"Woolfson Eye Institute",12,{"id":319,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":320,"briefTitle":321,"officialTitle":322,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":323,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":292,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":324,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":326,"briefSummary":327,"conditions":328,"keywords":331,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":308,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":336,"startDateStruct":337,"completionDateStruct":338,"leadSponsor":339,"locationsCount":317},"100602545","NCT07124910","Comparison of Epi-ON Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Performed Using an 18-Minute UVA Exposure vs. a 24-Minute UVA Exposure on Eyes With Ectatic Corneal Diseases","Comparison of Epi-ON Corneal Collagen Crosslinking Performed Using an 18-Minute UVA Exposure Versus a 24-Minute UVA Exposure on Eyes With Ectatic Corneal Diseases","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects in whom both the subject and study eye meet all of the following criteria are candidates for the study:\n\n1. Be at least 8 years of age or older, male or female, of any race.\n2. Have a diagnosis of keratoconus, ectasia after LASIK, ectasia after PRK, pellucid marginal degeneration, progressive ectasia after previous CXL treatment or forme fruste keratoconus based on topography, tomography, and slit lamp examination.\n3. Provide written informed consent and a signed HIPAA form. Pediatric subjects less than 14 years of age must sign an assent, and a parent or legal guardian must sign an informed consent.\n4. Be willing and able to follow all instructions and comply with the schedule for follow-up visits.\n5. If female and capable of becoming pregnant, must not be lactating or pregnant and must agree to use a medically acceptable form of birth control for at least one week prior to the treatment visit and to continue one month following treatment.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects in whom the subject or study eye meets one or more of the following criteria will be excluded from the randomized cohort of the study:\n\n1. Normal corneal topography.\n2. A history of previous corneal transplant in the study eye.\n3. Minimum corneal thickness \\\u003C 300 (measured by Pentacam and Ultrasound) at the screening exam.\n4. Previous ocular condition (other than refractive error) in the eye(s) to be treated that may predispose the eye to future complications or prevent the possibility of improved vision, for example:\n\n   1. History of or active corneal disease (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster keratitis, etc.)\n   2. Clinically significant corneal scarring in the central cornea that, in the investigator's opinion, will not allow the subject to achieve functional vision, even with contact lens correction, after the crosslinking procedure.\n5. A known contraindication, sensitivity, or allergy to the test article or its components or to study medications.\n6. Nystagmus or any other condition that would prevent a steady gaze during the crosslinking treatment or other diagnostic tests.\n7. If female, pregnant, nursing or planning a pregnancy, or having a positive urine pregnancy test prior to the randomization of, or treatment of either eye during the course of the study.\n8. Inability to remove soft or scleral contact lenses at least 3 days before initial and follow-up examinations.\n9. Inability to remove rigid gas-permeable contact lenses at least 2 weeks before initial and follow-up examinations.\n10. Inability to return for required postoperative examinations.\n11. Presence or history or any other condition or finding that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable as a candidate for crosslinking or study participation or may confound the outcome of the study.",{"count":325,"type":20},485,[296],"The goal of this clinical trial is to study the effects of an experimental (not Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved) treatment called corneal crosslinking (CXL) for conditions in which the cornea becomes progressively thin, steep, and misshapen, causing vision to be blurred.\n\nCXL is performed by putting riboflavin (vitamin B2) drops onto the eye and then exposing it to ultraviolet (UVA) light at about the same intensity as you get outdoors on a bright, sunny day. It is designed to stop the progression of disease by strengthening the cornea. Study participants will be at least 8 years of age or older and have a diagnosis of keratoconus, ectasia after LASIK, ectasia after PRK, pellucid marginal degeneration, progressive ectasia after previous CXL treatment or forme fruste keratoconus.\n\nThe main question it aims to answer is:\n\n* Does CXL help prevent or slow the progression of someone's corneal condition and vision loss?\n\nParticipants will:\n\n* Attend up to a total of 7 in office visits over the course of 6 months, where several eye and vision tests will be given.\n\nReceive CXL (applying riboflavin (Vitamin B2 eye drops) to the eye, then exposing the eye to ultraviolet (UV-A) light).\n\n* There will be two groups of participants. One group will receive the UVA treatment for 18 minutes and the other group will receive the UVA treatment for 24 minutes.",[26,329,330,301],"Ectasia of Cornea","Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration",[332,333,334,335],"crosslinking","corneal","Epi-ON","UVA",{"date":310,"type":40},{"date":312,"type":40},{"date":314,"type":20},{"name":316,"class":98},{"id":341,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":342,"briefTitle":343,"officialTitle":344,"acronym":345,"eligibilityCriteria":346,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":347,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":349,"briefSummary":350,"conditions":351,"keywords":352,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":376,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":377,"startDateStruct":379,"completionDateStruct":381,"leadSponsor":383,"locationsCount":74},"100621614","NCT07372911","PRoTECT: Corneal Wavefront Guided PRK + Epi-off CXL vs. PTK+Epi-off CXL in Keratoconus","Corneal Wavefront Guided PRK Combined With Epi-off Corneal Cross-Linking Versus Epi-off Corneal Cross-Linking With PTK Epithelial Removal in Keratoconus: A Randomized Clinical Trial","PRoTECT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Age 18-40 years\n* Diagnosis of keratoconus, ABCD Belin stage I-III at baseline\n* Minimum (thinnest) corneal pachymetry ≥ 450 µm pre-op\n* Written informed consent\n* Age-stratified progression requirements:\n* 18-25 y: keratoconus stage I-III (progression not mandatory)\n* 25-35 y: documented progression (meet ≥ 2 Table-1 criteria below) or, if recent documentation is absent, high-risk features for future progression: Kmax \\> 53 D, strong family history, severe atopy with persistent eye rubbing, or any of the following over 12 months: ΔKmax ≥ 1.0 D, thinnest pachymetry decrease ≥ 10 µm, or increase in manifest cylinder ≥ 1.0 D\n* 35-40 y: clear, unequivocal recent progression (meet ≥ 2 Table-1 criteria); late-onset documented progression may be considered\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Central corneal scars or opacities\n* Prior ocular surgery or trauma (exception: prior LASIK if it is the cause of post-surgical ectasia, per protocol text)\n* Autoimmune disease or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus\n* Pregnancy or lactation\n* Contact lens wear within 2 weeks before baseline evaluation",{"count":348,"type":20},50,[23],"Keratoconus causes irregular astigmatism and reduced vision. Epi-off corneal crosslinking (CXL) stabilizes the cornea but often leaves higher-order aberrations uncorrected. This randomized, parallel-group trial compares corneal wavefront guided photorefractive keratectomy (corneal wavefront guided PRK, 50 µm therapeutic ablation) combined with accelerated epi-off CXL versus epi-off CXL with epithelial removal by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) using a Schwind AMARIS excimer laser, in adults with keratoconus. The primary endpoint is change in best-corrected distance visual acuity (logMAR) at 12 months. Key secondary endpoints include Kmax, corneal higher-order aberrations, manifest refraction, Scheimpflug densitometry (haze) and Fantes grade, Corvis ST biomechanics, NEI VFQ-25, and endothelial cell density by non-contact specular microscopy at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.",[26],[26,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375],"Corneal ectasia","Corneal cross-linking","Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL)","Epi-off CXL","Riboflavin UV-A","Topography-guided PRK","TG-PRK","Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK)","PTK epithelial removal","Schwind AMARIS excimer laser","Excimer laser","Athens Protocol (TG-PRK + CXL)","Crete protocol (PTK + CXL)","Pentacam Scheimpflug tomography","Kmax","Higher-order aberrations (HOAs)","Corneal haze","Specular microscopy","Endothelial cell density","NEI VFQ-25","Visual acuity (logMAR)","Randomized clinical trial","Parallel assignment","2026-01-20",{"date":378,"type":40},"2026-01-28",{"date":380,"type":40},"2025-09-01",{"date":382,"type":20},"2027-12-30",{"name":384,"class":98},"Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana",{"id":386,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":387,"briefTitle":388,"officialTitle":389,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":390,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":391,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":392,"briefSummary":393,"conditions":394,"keywords":395,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":404,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":405,"startDateStruct":406,"completionDateStruct":408,"leadSponsor":410,"locationsCount":48},"100550795","NCT06451718","First in Human Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of an Implantable Nitinol Device in the Treatment of Keratoconus","First in Human Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of an Implantable Nitinol Device in the Treatment of Stage 3 and 4 Keratoconus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Signed and dated informed consent form.\n* Male and female ≥ 18 years old.\n* Not recommended for ICRS.\n* Recommended for keratoplasty.\n* Minimum corneal thickness ≥ 350 μm.\n* Best Distance Spectacle Corrected Visual Acuity (BDSCVA) with the ETDRS test ≥ 0.30 logMAR (\\\u003C= 0,50 decimal notation).\n* BCVA with RGP contact lens with the ETDRS test 10 letters or more than BCVA with spectacles.\n* Have stable or stabilized disease for 12 months (in case of crosslinking, it must have been done at least 12 months prior to intervention).\n* Have a KC stage 3-4 according to Investigator's judgement, with a central K readings \\> 47.2 D and RMS of coma aberration \\> 2.5 μm.\n* Have no known or suspected allergy to nickel.\n* Female subject of childbearing potential is eligible to participate if declaring she is not pregnant, or not breastfeeding and agree to use highly effective contraception (defined as method which results in a failure rate of \\\u003C1% annually) and must abstain from egg donation or storage throughout the study period.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability of patient and\u002For relatives to understand the clinical investigation procedures and thus inability to give informed consent.\n* Untreated progressive KC.\n* Single functioning eye.\n* Other ocular diseases (eyelids malposition, uveitis, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, cataract, retinal disorders) or corneal surgeries (refractive corneal surgery, keratoplasty), except corneal crosslinking.\n* Systemic collagenopathies and\u002For vasculitis, and other diseases that in the opinion of the principal Investigator, may be contraindicated.\n* Suspected or known intolerance or hypersensitivity to any of the treatments indicated in the CIP and\u002For to any component of the device (i.e. nickel).",{"count":317,"type":20},[23],"This Study is a First In Human clinical investigation addressed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel intra-corneal nitinol device (Investigational Medical Device: GROSSO® implant) for the treatment of advanced keratoconus disease of the eye.",[26],[396,397,201,398,399,31,400,401,402,403],"GROSSO","Implant","Surgery","Reshaper","keratoplasty","nitinol","corneal shape","remodeling","2026-01-14",{"date":376,"type":40},{"date":407,"type":40},"2024-09-03",{"date":409,"type":20},"2027-02",{"name":411,"class":47},"Recornea Srl",{"id":413,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":414,"briefTitle":415,"officialTitle":416,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":417,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":418,"enrollmentInfo":419,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":420,"briefSummary":421,"conditions":422,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":424,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":425,"startDateStruct":427,"completionDateStruct":429,"leadSponsor":431,"locationsCount":74},"100419400","NCT04741230","Investigator Initiated, Prospective Study of Xenia Corneal Lenticule","Prospective, Investigator Initiated Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Safety, and Indicative Effectiveness of Gebauer™ Lenticules in Patients Suffering From Severe Keratoconus or Post LASIK Ectasia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of severe keratoconus in patients who would prefer to avoid corneal transplant surgery \u002F penetrating keratoplasty OR\n* Diagnosis of severe post-LASIK Ectasia in patients who would prefer to avoid corneal transplant surgery \u002F penetrating keratoplasty\n* In terms of general health, patients must be free of diagnosed terminal illnesses (life expectancy of greater than or equal to 2 years).\n* Patients must be aged 18 years or over and less than 80 years old\n* Patients' contact lenses must have been removed at least one-week prior to surgery for soft lenses and two weeks prior to surgery for hard lenses\n* Subject understands the study requirements and the treatment procedures and provides written Informed Consent before any study-specific tests or procedures are performed\n* Patient must be able and willing to complete all study visits and comply with the study-specific requirements\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History or presence of any ocular pathologies that may interfere with the planned surgical treatment, including corneal epithelial problems\n* Previous corneal transplantation or corneal implant in the designated eye\n* Cataract with anticipated surgical intervention (IOL implantation) within 2 years\n* Active inflammation and\u002For infection of the eye or the eye lid\n* Patients with Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) \\\u003C10 mmHg or \\>21 mmHg\n* Professionally diagnosed and currently treated autoimmune diseases\n* Current strong symptoms of any allergy\n* History of major organ transplantation and\u002For current continuing immunosuppressive treatment\n* History of blood transfusion within the last 12 months\n* Subject who is currently participating or has participated in another investigational clinical study within the past 60 days Pregnancy and lactation","79 Years",{"count":57,"type":20},[23],"Cornea ectatic conditions such as keratoconus and post-LASIK (Laser In situ Keratomileusis) ectasia are disorders of the eye that are notorious for its uncontrolled progression over time, leading to loss of vision. There are valuable treatment options for controlling disease progression in mild to moderate stages of such disease. However in advanced cases and \u002F or when contact lenses cannot be worn, surgery remains the only treatment option to rehabilitate vision. Most treatment options are highly invasive and represent significant risks. This study evaluates a novel corneal implant, Gebauer™ Lenticule to treat severe keratoconus or post-LASIK ectasia. This implant is derived from porcine collagen and intended for intra-stromal insertion. The Gebauer™ Lenticule is expected to improve the stability of the cornea while not impairing the vision. The procedure is an additive procedure after other treatment options have been exhausted. The procedure is reversible with removal of the implant (in the unexpected case of an adverse reaction), and vision may be restored to baseline.\n\nThe purpose of this study is to evaluate how well the implant is tolerated, it's safety profile, and how effective this new treatment option is in the treatment of keratoconus or post-LASIK ectasia.",[26,423],"Post-Laser Retinal Condition","2026-01-13",{"date":426,"type":40},"2026-01-15",{"date":428,"type":40},"2024-05-15",{"date":430,"type":20},"2026-12-01",{"name":432,"class":433},"The Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust","OTHER_GOV",{"id":435,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":436,"briefTitle":437,"officialTitle":438,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":439,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":292,"maxAge":105,"enrollmentInfo":440,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":441,"conditions":442,"keywords":449,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":454,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":455,"startDateStruct":457,"completionDateStruct":459,"leadSponsor":461,"locationsCount":74},"100396242","NCT04439552","fMRI and IVCM Cornea Microscopy of CXL in Keratoconus","Neuroplasticity of Pain Pathways and Corneal Afferent Regeneration Following Corneal Crosslinking (CXL) in Keratoconus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nCXL Group\n\n* Age 8-35 years\n* Clinical diagnosis of keratoconus and seeking CXL treatment\n* English speaking ability sufficient to comprehend consent with parental assistance\n* MRI compatible\n* Ability to lie still for an MRI session (60 minutes)\n\nControl Group\n\n* Age 8-35 years\n* No diagnosis of keratoconus\n* English speaking ability sufficient to comprehend consent with parental assistance\n* MRI compatible\n* Ability to lie still for an MRI session (60 minutes)\n\nExclusion Criteria (Both Groups):\n\n* Claustrophobic\n* Weight \\> 285 lbs (weight limit of the MRI table)\n* Significant medical history, including:\n\nCurrent DSM-IV-TR axis I psychiatric disorders. Chronic pain Significant head injury Seizures Brain tumor Cerebrovascular accident Neurological disease aside from migraine HIV-AIDs Prescription medication strongly implicated in causing dry eyes\n\n* Magnetic implants or metal-containing tattoos on their chest or above\n* Pregnancy\n* History of contact lens wear\n* Any allergic response to a numbing eyedrop in the past",{"count":84,"type":20},"Evaluation of neuroplasticity of pain pathways and corneal afferent nerve regeneration following corneal crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconus patients using fMRI and corneal In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM).",[443,444,445,446,447,448,201,26],"Pain, Postoperative","Pain, Chronic","Pain, Acute","Surgical Injury","Surgical Wound","Cornea Injury",[450,451,452,453],"fMRI","Corneal Microscopy","IVCM","Neuroimaging","2025-12-15",{"date":456,"type":40},"2025-12-19",{"date":458,"type":40},"2021-10-04",{"date":460,"type":20},"2027-12",{"name":462,"class":98},"Boston Children's Hospital",{"id":464,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":465,"briefTitle":466,"officialTitle":467,"acronym":468,"eligibilityCriteria":469,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":470,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":472,"briefSummary":473,"conditions":474,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":488,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":489,"startDateStruct":491,"completionDateStruct":493,"leadSponsor":495,"locationsCount":74},"100372409","NCT04129021","High Resolution, High-speed Multimodal Ophthalmic Imaging","High Resolution and High Speed Multimodal Ophthalmic Imaging","IMA-MODE","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* People over 18\n* Patient with a pathology affecting the eye or healthy volunteer\n* Participant who signed the consent\n* Beneficiaries of the health insurance\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Patients with a history of photosensitivity.\n* Patients who have just received a photodynamic therapy treatment (\n* Patients taking drugs with photosensitivity as a side effect.\n* Persons with pacemakers or other implanted electronic medical device\n* Patients with viral conjunctivitis or any other infectious disease.\n* Patients with skin lesions on the neck or forehead\n* Patients at high risk of damage from optical radiation, such as aphakic patients, or patients with decreased sensitivity to light due to fundus disease.\n* Pregnant or lactating women\n* Participant unable to be followed throughout the study\n* Vulnerable people\n* Subjects with predisposition to closure of the iridocorneal angle",{"count":471,"type":20},1200,[23],"Knowledge of the pathogenesis of ocular conditions, a leading cause of blindness, has benefited greatly from recent advances in ophthalmic imaging. However, current clinical imaging systems are limited in resolution, speed, or access to certain structures of the eye.\n\nThe use of a high-resolution imaging system improves the resolution of ophthalmoscopes by several orders of magnitude, allowing the visualization of many microstructures of the eye: photoreceptors, vessels, nerve bundles in the retina, cells and nerves in the cornea.\n\nThe use of a high-speed acquisition imaging system makes it possible to detect functional measurements such as the speed of blood flow. The combination of data from multiple imaging systems to obtain multimodal information is of great importance for improving the understanding of structural changes in the eye during a disease.\n\nThe purpose of this project is to observe structures that are not detectable with routinely used systems.",[475,476,477,478,479,480,250,481,482,483,484,485,26,486,487],"Retinitis Pigmentosa","Maculopathy, Age Related","Macular Dystrophy","Macular Edema","Retinal Detachment","Retinal Degeneration","Vascular Inflammation","Hypertension","Stroke","Diabetes","Corneal Dystrophy","Dry Eye","Trauma","2025-11-17",{"date":490,"type":40},"2025-11-18",{"date":492,"type":40},"2019-07-03",{"date":494,"type":20},"2027-07",{"name":496,"class":98},"Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts",{"id":498,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":499,"briefTitle":500,"officialTitle":500,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":501,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":502,"maxAge":503,"enrollmentInfo":504,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":506,"conditions":507,"keywords":510,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":512,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":513,"startDateStruct":515,"completionDateStruct":517,"leadSponsor":519,"locationsCount":74},"100218283","NCT02118922","A Study to Test the Diagnostic Potential of Brillouin Microscopy for Corneal Ectasia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nGroup I includes healthy subjects with normal appearing corneas, normal topography and pachymetry. Group II includes patients diagnosed as having mild, moderate or advanced keratoconus by our ophthalmology expert on the basis of topography and pachymetry. Group III includes healthy subjects who have undergone LASIK surgery in the past 12 months without complications. Inclusion criteria include normal post-operative topography and pachymetry. Group IV includes patients (age 20 - 60) who have undergone LASIK surgery at least 12 months before the study imaging and have been diagnosed with post-LASIK ectasia based on topography, pachymetry and clinical evaluation.Patients diagnosed with keratoconus. Group V- Volunteers to receive PRK surgery This group includes patients who have been diagnosed with myopia and have been scheduled to undergo PRK surgery. Patients with high astigmatism \\> 2 diopter, prior ocular surgeries, and those patients taking any ocular medications except seasonal allergy medicine such as ketotifen or artificial tears will be excluded. Group VI-Volunteers to receive LASIK Surgery This group includes myopic patients who are scheduled to receive LASIK surgery. Patients with high astigmatism \\> 2 diopter, prior ocular surgeries, and those patients taking any ocular medications except seasonal allergy medicine such as ketotifen and artificial tears will be excluded. Group VII- Patients with Fuch's Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. This group includes subjects who are diagnosed with Fuch's corneal dystrophy, at early, mild and advanced stages. The inclusion also extends to subjects with, and without keratoconus. But this exclude patients with any other corneal disorders other than keratoconus, and\u002For history of ophthalmological surgeries that may affect endothelium cell status, e.g. cataract surgeries.\n\nOverall Exclusion Criteria for all groups: Volunteers who\n\n* Have occludable narrow angles (without a patent peripheral iridotomy)\n* Monocular subjects\n* Do not or cannot understand the instructions for the imaging","20 Years","75 Years",{"count":505,"type":20},168,"We have developed novel Brillouin microscopy and we are testing its potential for keratoconus and ectasia diagnostics. We plan to perform axial scans of the cornea in human volunteers in order to compare biomechanical properties of Keratoconus vs. Normal corneas and compare biomechanical properties of post-LASIK ectasia vs. normal corneas.",[26,508,132,509],"Ectasia","Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy",[511],"LASIK","2025-11-04",{"date":514,"type":40},"2025-11-06",{"date":516,"type":40},"2013-06",{"date":518,"type":20},"2026-09",{"name":520,"class":98},"Massachusetts General Hospital",{"id":522,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":523,"briefTitle":524,"officialTitle":524,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":525,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":128,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":526,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":528,"briefSummary":529,"conditions":530,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":531,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":532,"startDateStruct":534,"completionDateStruct":536,"leadSponsor":538,"locationsCount":74},"100369726","NCT04094090","Safety and Effectiveness of the PXL-Platinum 330 System for Corneal Cross-Linking in Eyes With Corneal Ectasia","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nSubjects who have one or both eyes that meet criteria 1 and 1 or more of the following criteria will be considered candidates for this study:\n\n1.10 years of age or older 2. Presence of central or inferior steepening 3. Axial topography consistent with keratoconus, post-surgical ectasia, or pellucid marginal degeneration 4. Presence of one or more findings associated with keratoconus or pellucid marginal degeneration, such as:\n\n1. Fleischer ring\n2. Vogt's striae\n3. Decentered corneal apex\n4. Munson's sign\n5. Apical Corneal scarring consistent with Bowman's breaks\n6. Scissoring of the retinoscopic reflex\n7. Crab-claw appearance on topography 5. Steepest keratometry (Kmax) value ≥ 47.20 D 6. I-S keratometry difference \\> 1.5 D on the Pentacam map or topography map 7. Posterior corneal elevation \\>16 microns 8. Thinnest corneal point \\>300 microns 9. Contact Lens Wearers Only:\n\na. Removal of contact lenses for the required period of time prior to the screening refraction: Contact Lens Type Minimum Discontinuation Time Soft or Scleral 3 days Rigid gas permeable 2 weeks\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\nAll subjects meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from this study:\n\n1. Eyes classified as either normal or atypical normal on the severity grading scheme.\n2. Corneal pachymetry at the screening exam that is \\\u003C300 microns at the thinnest point in the eye(s) to be treated.\n3. Previous ocular condition (other than refractive error) in the eye(s) to be treated that may predispose the eye for future complications, for example:\n\n   1. History of or active corneal disease (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster keratitis, recurrent erosion syndrome, acanthomeoeba, etc.)\n   2. Clinically significant corneal scarring in the CXL treatment zone that is not related to keratoconus or, in the investigator's opinion, will interfere with the cross-linking procedure.\n4. Pregnancy (including plan to become pregnant) or lactation during the course of the study\n5. A known sensitivity to study medications\n6. Patients with nystagmus or any other condition that would prevent a steady gaze during the CXL treatment or other diagnostic tests.\n7. Patients with a current condition that, in the physician's opinion, would interfere with or prolong epithelial healing.",{"count":527,"type":20},500,[275],"To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the PXL Platinum 330 system for performing corneal cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of ectatic disorders.",[26,330,160],"2025-10-15",{"date":533,"type":40},"2025-10-20",{"date":535,"type":40},"2019-10-19",{"date":537,"type":20},"2029-10-19",{"name":539,"class":98},"Goodman Eye Center",{"id":541,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":542,"briefTitle":543,"officialTitle":544,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":545,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":546,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":548,"conditions":549,"keywords":551,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":555,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":556,"startDateStruct":558,"completionDateStruct":560,"leadSponsor":562,"locationsCount":74},"100406254","NCT04570020","Scleral Lens Fitting Using Wide-Field OCT","Clinical Trial of OCT-based Scleral Lens Fitting With Wide-Field OCT","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Eyes requiring fit for scleral lenses for KCN, post-PK, post-RK, post-LASIK ectasia, or various anterior surface disorders\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to maintain stable fixation for OCT imaging\n* Inability to commit to required visits to complete the study\n* Eyes with concurrent retinal diseases, glaucoma, or other eye conditions that may limit visual outcome",{"count":547,"type":20},258,"The purpose of this study is to see if OCT technology can optimize scleral contact lens fittings. Subjects with keratoconus, post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK), post-LASIK ectasia, post-radial keratotomy (RK), or a variety of anterior surface disorders requiring scleral lens fittings will be considered for enrollment. For each study eye, a clinically-selected scleral lens fit will be compared against an OCT-selected lens fit. The quality of each lens fit will be determined by flourescein exam at the slit lamp. Apical clearance, limbal clearance, conjunctival compression, and lens edge lift will be assessed. A lens that satisfies all four criteria will be considered satisfactory.",[26,550],"Irregular; Contour of Cornea",[552,553,554],"Keratoconus (KCN)","Irregular Cornea","Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)","2025-09-05",{"date":557,"type":40},"2025-09-09",{"date":559,"type":40},"2020-09-23",{"date":561,"type":20},"2028-12",{"name":563,"class":98},"Oregon Health and Science University",{"id":565,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":566,"briefTitle":567,"officialTitle":568,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":569,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":4,"enrollmentInfo":570,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":571,"briefSummary":572,"conditions":573,"keywords":574,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":555,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":576,"startDateStruct":577,"completionDateStruct":579,"leadSponsor":580,"locationsCount":74},"100344112","NCT03760432","Collagen Cross-linking in Keratoconus","Clinical Trial of Laser Custom Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Keratoconus","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Diagnosis of keratoconus\n* Minimum corneal thickness of 410 microns\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Inability to maintain fixation for OCT imaging\n* Inability to commit to required study visits\n* Inability to give informed consent\n* Eyes with concurrent retinal diseases, glaucoma, or other eye conditions that may limit the visual outcome after surgery\n* Mature cataracts if found to limit visual potential to worse than 20\u002F40",{"count":156,"type":20},[23],"Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) devices are non-contact instruments that can measure the depth of scars, other causes of cloudiness of the cornea, and degree of corneal thinning in patients with keratoconus. Laser Custom Corneal Collagen Cross-linking (CXL) significantly decreases corneal aberrations and improves vision. This study will use OCT-guided setting for the lasers used in the corneal smoothing portion of the laser custom CXL procedure to assess the affect on visual outcomes.",[26],[552,554,575],"Collagen Cross-linking (CXL)",{"date":557,"type":40},{"date":578,"type":40},"2018-06-20",{"date":460,"type":20},{"name":563,"class":98},{"id":582,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":583,"briefTitle":584,"officialTitle":585,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":586,"healthyVolunteers":80,"sex":16,"minAge":587,"maxAge":154,"enrollmentInfo":588,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":85,"phases":4,"briefSummary":590,"conditions":591,"keywords":593,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":555,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":595,"startDateStruct":596,"completionDateStruct":598,"leadSponsor":600,"locationsCount":74},"100324499","NCT03504800","OCT in Diagnosis of Irregular Corneas","Optical Coherence Tomography-Aided Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Irregular Corneas","Inclusion Criteria:\n\nGROUP A:\n\n* Keratoconus:\n\n  1. CDVA ≥ 20\u002F25 in the better eye; and both of the following in the worse eye\n  2. Topography characteristic of keratoconus or pellucid marginal degeneration\n* Contact lens-related corneal warpage:\n\n  1. Contact lens use; and\n  2. Topography irregularities\n* Dry eye:\n\n  1. Symptoms of dry eye documented by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire score ≥ 30; and\n  2. Topography irregularities\n  3. Presence of punctate epithelial erosion on exam with surface staining\n  4. Aqueous deficiency or evaporative dry eye\n* Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD):\n\n  1. Negative corneal fluorescein staining; and\n  2. Corneal opacities; and\n  3. Topography irregularities\n* Stromal addition or subtraction:\n\n  1. Scars; or\n  2. Salzmann's degeneration; or\n  3. Stromal dystrophies; or\n  4. Complication (visual complaints) after LASIK or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)\n* Stromal distortion:\n\n  1. Radial keratectomy (RK); or\n  2. Corneal transplants.\n* Normal controls:\n\n  1. Healthy eyes with no previous eye procedures\u002Fsurgeries.\n\nGROUP B:\n\nParticipants will be selected from the keratoconus population in Group A based on topography findings.\n\nGROUP C:\n\nParticipants will be selected from the stromal addition\u002Fsubtraction and stromal distortion populations of Group A if they have vision primarily limited by scars, dystrophy, or high astigmatism that could benefit from PTK.\n\nExclusion Criteria (all groups):\n\n* Inability to give informed consent.\n* Inability to maintain fixation for OCT imaging.\n* Inability to commit to required study visits.\n* Eyes with concurrent cataract, retinal disease, glaucoma, or other eye conditions that may limit the visual outcome after surgery.\n* Previous corneal surgeries if considered as a keratoconus participant.\n* Pregnancy or breastfeeding.","14 Years",{"count":589,"type":20},445,"This main goal of this study is to improve the detection, classification, monitoring, and treatment of irregular corneas due to keratoconus, warpage, dry eye, scar, stromal dystrophies, and other corneal conditions.\n\nThe primary goal will be achieved by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to:\n\n1. Develop an OCT-based system to classify and evaluate corneal-shape irregularities.\n2. Develop OCT metrics for more sensitive detection of keratoconus progression.\n3. Develop OCT-and-topography guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for irregular corneas.",[26,592,485],"Corneal Opacity",[594,26],"OCT",{"date":557,"type":40},{"date":597,"type":40},"2018-05-01",{"date":599,"type":20},"2031-02-28",{"name":563,"class":98},{"id":602,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":603,"briefTitle":604,"officialTitle":604,"acronym":605,"eligibilityCriteria":606,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":128,"maxAge":607,"enrollmentInfo":608,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":610,"briefSummary":611,"conditions":612,"keywords":4,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":613,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":614,"startDateStruct":615,"completionDateStruct":617,"leadSponsor":619,"locationsCount":74},"100491242","NCT05676580","Risk Factors and Progression of Keratoconus","FRPK","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Participants with clinical keratoconus (Rabinowitz criteria with topographic slit lamp abnormalities and visual impairment), preclinical or crude keratoconus (abnormal or suspicious topography with normal slit lamp examination and normal visual acuity, visual acuity)\n* Followed by the ophthalmology services of the CHU Montpellier, CHU Bordeaux or CHU Toulouse\n* For adult Participants: collection of written informed consent, after a period of reflection period\n* For minors: informed consent signed by at least one of the 2 parents or legal representatives legal representatives, and assent of the child after a period of reflection\n* Affiliation to the French social security system or beneficiary of such a system\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Person under legal supervision, guardianship or curator\n* History of corneal implant on both eyes\n* Planned relocation before the end of the first stage of treatment (abstention, cross-linking, intra-corneal ring depending on the participant)","40 Years",{"count":609,"type":20},200,[23],"Primary objective :\n\nDescription of keratoconus at baseline and during progression in 200 participants followed by the ophthalmology departments of CHU Montpellier, CHU Bordeaux and CHU Toulouse during a 2-year period. Clinical outcome, histology of the cornea and tears proteomics will be assessed in 4 groups at different points in time:\n\n* At 6 months in participants with no intervention (risk reduction instructions: not to rub their eyes)\n* At 6 months in participants with no intervention that didn't comply with the risk reduction instructions\n* At 1 month in participants assigned to cross-linking surgery\n* At 1 month in participants assigned to intra corneal ring surgery If both eyes are affected, both will be evaluated with their own visit agenda. Visits for no surgery participants will be set at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months in the absence of intervention (apart from the behavioral risk reduction).\n\nVisits for surgery participants will be set at D7, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after the procedure: cross-linking or placement of the intra corneal ring.\n\nSecondary objective :\n\nDescription of the association between clinical outcomes, histological progression of the cornea and tears proteomics in time, 2 years period.\n\nComparison of tears proteomics in 36 participants with keratoconus followed at CHU of Montpellier and healthy participants at baseline .",[26],"2025-08-29",{"date":555,"type":40},{"date":616,"type":40},"2023-06-05",{"date":618,"type":20},"2028-05",{"name":620,"class":98},"University Hospital, Montpellier",{"id":622,"slug":4,"hasResults":11,"nctId":623,"briefTitle":624,"officialTitle":625,"acronym":4,"eligibilityCriteria":626,"healthyVolunteers":11,"sex":16,"minAge":17,"maxAge":607,"enrollmentInfo":627,"targetDuration":4,"studyType":21,"phases":628,"briefSummary":629,"conditions":630,"keywords":632,"overallStatus":64,"whyStopped":4,"lastUpdateSubmitDate":645,"lastUpdatePostDateStruct":646,"startDateStruct":648,"completionDateStruct":650,"leadSponsor":652,"locationsCount":74},"100586944","NCT06921967","Effect of Corneal and Scleral RGP Lenses on Ocular Health and Visual Quality in Keratoconus","A Comparison of Ocular Health and Visual Quality With Corneal and Scleral Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses in Keratoconus Patients","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Keratoconus, best spectacle corrected visual acuity \\>0.00 log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and age between 18 to 40\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* K-max \\>60D, RGP lens wear at baseline and ocular surface disease, verified through examination of the ocular surface and patient history",{"count":348,"type":20},[23],"This study aims to compare the ocular health and visual quality of corneal rigid gas permeable lenses (CRGPL) and scleral rigid gas permeable lenses (SRGPL) for patients with keratoconus in a crossover clinical trial. The study will analyze subjective and objective outcomes, including best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, higher-order aberrations and subjective perception of visual function and comfort. It will also investigate the impact of both lens types on the health of the ocular surface, including evaluation of corneal, conjunctival, and scleral tissues, and tear film. Only one randomized controlled trial has compared the effect of CRGPL and SRGPL wear for patients with an ectatic corneal disorder. With the increasing popularity of SRGPL, examining the differences in efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes between the two types of lenses is increasingly relevant.",[26,631],"Irregular Astigmatism",[633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,26],"Contact Lenses","Scleral Lenses","Corneal Lenses","Rigid gas permeable lenses","Rigid lenses","GP lenses","RGP lenses","Visual Acuity","Contrast Sensitivity","Higher Order Aberrations","Dry Eye Disease","Irregular Astimatism","2025-08-18",{"date":647,"type":40},"2025-08-24",{"date":649,"type":40},"2025-08-15",{"date":651,"type":20},"2028-02-29",{"name":653,"class":98},"University of Aarhus",""]