Musculoskeletal Disease

The Human Observatory Study is a prospective observational and ecological surveillance study building a continuously-updating world model for human health, disease, and death at the individual and population level. Individual multi-system clinical data from enrolled participants are linked to a continuously-ingested ecological data infrastructure spanning environmental exposures, social determinants, genealogical and family history records, mortality data, and population health databases at geographic resolutions from home address to global scale and beyond. The resulting model generates individual screening recommendations informed by population-level causal estimates, and population-level causal forecasts anchored by present-timepoint individual clinical biology. Thus creating a feedback architecture designed to improve both simultaneously.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how patients feel when reading their medical notes. The study compares reading the original doctor's note with reading a simpler, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated version written in plain language in adults receiving musculoskeletal specialty care. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. Does reading a plain-language summary change how patients feel about their doctor or their clinic experience? 2. Does the type of note affect how comfortable, reassured, or worried patients feel? Researchers will compare patients who read their original clinic note with patients who read an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated plain-language summary to see whether simpler language changes patient understanding, trust, or emotional responses. Participants will: * Read either their original clinic note or a plain-language summary of the note * Complete short questionnaires about their experience, emotions, and trust in their clinician * Optionally provide written comments about how it felt to read the information

Home exercise program is recommended by physicians to patients and their relatives to do at home and It is a treatment option in which the physician describes how to do it. Home workout program to be completed at home to complement and reinforce their program in the clinic It is a personalized set of therapeutic exercises that are taught. There are factors that can change exercise compliance; There are some reasons why some patients adhere to the prescribed home exercise program and others do not. Adherence to home exercises is a major issue in rehabilitation and the reasons for this are multifactorial; It includes both psychological and specific conditions factors that vary between each individual and these conditions should be taken into account by clinicians in designing personalized exercise programs. Home exercise programs constitute a fundamental component of rehabilitation and are widely prescribed by physicians support therapeutic gains beyond the clinical environment. These individualized programs aim to maintain functional improvements, reduce symptoms, and promote self-management among individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Although adherence to home-based exercises is recognized as a key determinant of rehabilitation outcomes, non-adherence remains a persistent challenge. Despite growing emphasis on the importance of exercise compliance, the existing literature provides relatively limited and insufficient evidence regarding the factors that influence adherence across different musculoskeletal conditions, including degenerative, orthopedic, and neurological disorders. Addressing this gap, the present prospective longitudinal cohort study aims to evaluate adherence to individualized home-based exercise programs among patients with diverse musculoskeletal conditions and to determine whether adherence behaviors differ across diagnostic groups. In addition, the study seeks to identify demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and functional factors associated with exercise compliance. By integrating structured clinical evaluations with validated outcome measures, this study aims not only to clarify the determinants of exercise adherence but also to contribute to the development of more effective, condition-specific strategies to enhance sustained engagement in home-based rehabilitation.

The goal of this clinical trial is to find out which type of steroid medicine, when added to a standard pain-control injection during total knee replacement surgery, works best at reducing pain, limiting opioid use, and improving recovery in adults undergoing surgery for severe knee arthritis or injury. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does adding a steroid to the injection improve pain control and reduce opioid use after surgery? Is the newer extended-release steroid (Zilretta) more effective and safer-especially for patients with diabetes-than the traditional steroid (methylprednisolone)? Researchers will compare: Standard pain-control injection alone Standard injection plus methylprednisolone Standard injection plus Zilretta to see which option provides better pain relief, less opioid use, and improved knee function. (Patients with diabetes or prediabetes will only be in the standard injection or Zilretta groups so researchers can study whether Zilretta is safer for blood sugar control.) Participants will: Be randomly assigned to one of the study groups during their total knee replacement surgery Receive the assigned pain-control injection around the knee joint Be followed after surgery to measure: Pain levels Opioid pain medication use Knee movement (range of motion) Whether another procedure (such as manipulation under anesthesia) is needed if the knee becomes too stiff Patient-reported outcome surveys about pain and function

The goal of this survey based cross-sectional survey is to understand if there are gender patterns in physical activity participation and how they are associated with gendered organization of work and family activities, identifying socio-environmental variables that hamper the participation of both females and males in an active and healthy lifestyle. This survey also aim to explore if awareness and beliefs regarding musculoskeletal disorders and physical activity as factor for prevention differ according to gender and sex. The main question is to investigate gender differences in physical activities participation in terms of adherence or not adherence to WHO recommendations by adjusting for socio-environmental variables. The secondary questions are: * To explore impact of gender on health status and sedentary behavior at same adherence and intensity level of physical activity * To explore whether awareness and beliefs on musculoskeletal disorders and physical activity as prevention factor in the general population differ according to gender and sex.